WORLD WAR I (1914-18)

I.  “Great War”
		A.  the turning point in government & society
		B.  consolidated U.S.A. as a global power
		C.  accelerated nationalism in Asia
 
II.  The Fighting
		A.  Trench Warfare
   		1.  new weapons 
   		2.  “over the top”
   		3.  war of attrition
    			a) Battle of the Marne (1914) 
    			b) Battle of Verdun (1916)
  	B.  U.S.A. enters war (1917)
 
III.  Origins of War
  	A.  System of Alliances
   		1.  Bismarck’s diplomacy (1871-90)
    			a) keep France isolated
    			b) mutually contradictory pacts
     				-- alliance with Austria
     				-- treaty with Russia
    			c) Kaiser William II rejects diplomacy
     					--> Russian-French Alliance (1894)
     					--> Anglo-German rivalry (1898)
   		2.  Triple Entente:  France, Russia, Britain
  	B.  Nationalism in the Balkans
   		1.  decline of Ottoman Empire
    			a) Congress of Berlin (1878)
     				-- Austria gets Bosnia/Herzegovina
    			b) Balkan Wars (1912 &1913)
 			2.  assassination of the Austrian Archduke 
    			a) Francis Ferdinand & his wife Sophie
    			b) Sarajevo, Bosnia (June 28, 1914)
   		3.  Austria demands justice
    			a) Serbia’s ultranationalist
    			b) Germany’s “blank check” 
    			c) Austria’s ultimatum 
    			d) Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28, 1914) 
  	C.  Third Balkan War + Alliance System = Great War
   		1.  Germany supports Austria
   		2.  Russia supports Serbia
   		3.  Military plans based on alliances 
    
IV.  Paris Peace Settlement  
  	A.  Treaty of Versailles (1919)
   		1.  loss of territory
   		2.  limited army 
   		3.  “war guilt clause” 
  	B.  New nations created 
   		1.  Czechoslovakia
   		2.  Yugoslavia
  	C.  Wilson’s Fourteen Points
   		1.  national self-determination
   		2.  League of Nations
    			a) U.S.A. refused to join
    			b) mandated territories   
 
 
 
Think/Write
How do you think the experience of the Great War changed the people and countries involved?