Visual-Motor Correspondence in Stereoscopic Video Displays for Teleoperated Manipulator Tasks
John O. Merritt
Interactive Technologies, Inc. Williamsburg, MA, USA
Robert E. Cole and Curtis Ikehara
Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
Abstract
In the ideal orthostereoscopic viewing system the geometric relationship between the manipulator arm and cameras is designed to produce a close correspondence between the operator's actual and imaged hand-to-eye position. This correspondence often cannot be maintained because of the physical design constraints of manipulator, cameras, or mounting structure. Cameras mounted in a non-corresponding position, in relation to the operator's hand-to-eye position, create a visual-motor mismatch. In this study the rapid sequential positioning (RSP) task is used to measure manipulator performance under two levels of visual-motor correspondence. One group views the scene where there is visual-motor correspondence and the other group views a non-corresponding scene, where the cameras are shifted to the left of the orthoscopic position. Each group performs the RSP task under four visual conditions. Those four visual conditions are monoscopic stationary, monoscopic with motion parallax, stereo stationary, and stereo with motion parallax. Performance of groups under different views is compared to determine the effect of visual-motor non-correspondence.