A. Field Methods:

The materials I used for my study included:

To collect my data, I completed a two day daytime and nighttime adventure at Onekahakaha Beach tide pool. Utilizing random sampling, I chose 12 random numbers (any between 0-25) for each of the four transects I placed during my study. For each transect I performed a series of 12 quadrat visual searches. For future reference, the transect placed 20ft off shore will be referred to as the near shore transect, the transect placed 50ft off shore will be referred to as the off shore transect. I began on November 16, 1997 between the hours of 1:00pm and 3:00pm. I placed the transect line approximately 20ft off shore. Using the quadrat, I counted the total number of different species of within the phyla Arthropoda, Molluska, Echinodermata and Annelida. After completing the near shore transect, I placed the transect approximately 50ft off shore and repeated the same procedure as was done for the near shore transect. The following day, November 17, 1997 I returned to Onekahakaha tide pool between the hours of 7:00pm and 9:00pm. Once again I placed the near shore transect and then the off shore transect performing visual counts using the same procedure done the preceding day. While doing the visual counts I wore my mask and snorkel to get a better view and I also moved rocks and sand to find any hiding animals.

Tide played the role as a uncontrolled variable. During my collection I could not control when the tide came in or out. Weather might have played a role as well by influencing the water conditions causing bad visibility and the presence of some organisms to be obsolete.  

Before performing any statistical analyses, I entered all of the data into
one column. In the next three columns I put codes for location, time and group. (Table 1)

After the data were entered I performed a series of statistical tests including:

-Normal Distribution
-Homogeneity of Variance
-3-Way Analysis of Variance

Normal Distribution

Data were sorted into a total of 16 columns, c5- c20 (Table 1) so that each group had 4 columns.

For example: c5= arthropods nearshore during the day

c6= arthropods offshore during the day

c7= arthropods nearshore at night

c8= arthropods offshore at night

HYPOTHESES: H_O= Samples not different from a normally distributed population.

                            H_A= Samples different from a normally distributed population. 

ASSUMPTIONS: 1. Random sampling
                                   Alpha = 0.05
                                   Data normally distributed

Tests were performed on columns c5-c20 to check for normality.

 Homogeneity of Variance 

A Homogeneity of Variance test was performed to find out if the data had
equal sample variances.

HYPOTHESES: H_O= All sample variances are equal

        H_A= At least one sample variance not equal

ASSUMPTIONS: 1. Random sampling
                                  Alpha = 0.05
                                  Normal distribution
                                  Sample variances are equal

 3-Way Analysis of Variance 

A 3-Way Analysis of Variance was performed to find out if any or no interactions
occurred between location, time and group.

HYPOTHESES:

H_O = time has no effect
H_A = time has an effect
H_O = location has no effect
H_A = location has an effect
H_O = group has no effect
H_A = group has an effect
H_O = no time * location interaction
H_A = time * location interaction
H_O = no time * group interaction
H_A = time * group interaction
H_O = no location * group interaction
H_A = location * group interaction
H_O = no time * location * group interaction
H_A = time * location * group interaction

 ASSUMPTIONS:     Random sampling
                                   Alpha = 0.05
                                   Normal Distribution
                                   Equal sample variances
                                   Independence of errors