disinformation media
| TV networks | Government-sponsored news outlets |
Si aequa non est, ne libertas quidem est.
("Freedom that isn't equally enjoyed by all
certainly is not
genuine liberty")
Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 BCE, political philosopher,
De Re Publica, Book 1, para. 31 (47), freely translated.
I have said it thrice: What I tell you three times is true"
Lewis Carroll (nom de plume, Rev. Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, [1832-1898]),
The Hunting of the Snark: An Agony in Eight Fits (April Fool's Day, 1876).
Valuable resources. About two dozen daily U.S. newspapers routinely and profoundly influence national and regional print media and electronic mass communications media more so than all the rest. The influence of these newspapers partly derives from who reads them — elites and interested publics. Also, their reports and editorials often are reprinted in other newspapers, and reporting, coverage and journalism that television reporting. With retrospective conversion, the earliest periods covered by some of these newspapers predate the World Wide Web by anywhere from ten years to one hundred and fifty years.
Save money by combining online & microfilm searches. Many online newspapers require that you subscribe, although subscriptions are often free. Also, most will permit you to do free searches of their online archives, even if the full text of articles is not free. Typically, a "hit" includes the full citation to the article and the first sentence of the article.
With that information, you should be able to locate articles of interest in the full-text microfilmed edition of the same newspaper. That will be available in Hamilton Library or through Inter Library Loan.
Limitations of online newspapers. Most online editions of most newspapers do not include every article published in the print editions. Nor do they reproduce every edition printed in a 24-hour period. Also, a few days after publication, most wire service articles will not usually be available in the archives of newspapers listed above, although you may find the same articles archived elsewhere on the Web. In most cases, you must pay to read articles published more than a few days, weeks or months ago ago.
• For a very broad, multi-newspaper search that includes newspapers that are no longer published today, try the Newspaper Archive Online
Major U.S. newspapers & news services. Below, names and links to fifteen of these online newspapers and news services are listed. Citations below give the following three kinds information: 1) names of their parent companies; 2) inclusive dates indicating the extent of their respective online archives; and 3) whether accessing archives is fee-based or not.
Whether or not a fee is charged, many of these search engines require that you register with your e-mail address.
United Press International
News World Communications
online archives, 90 days or more.The Christian Science Monitor
The First Church of Christ, Scientist
online archives, 1980 - present.The Associated Press
"Owned by its 1,500 U.S. daily newspaper members"
online archives;
fee-based if older than 7 days.The Boston Globe
The New York Times Company
online archives, 1872 - present;
searches free, full-texts free for articles from 2003 to present;
fee-based full-texts of earlier articles for non-subscribers.
The New York Times
The New York Times Company
online archives, 1851 - present.The Wall Street Journal
Dow Jones & Company
online archives;
fee-based.The Washington Post
The Washington Post Company
online archives, 1877 - present;
fee-based if older than 60 days.The Washington Times
News World Communications, Inc.
online archives, 1990 - present;
free searches, fee-based full-texts.
U.S.A. Today
Gannett Co. Inc.
online archives, 1987 - present;
free abstracts, fee-based full-texts.The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
Cox Newspapers, Inc.
online archives, 1985 - present;
"documents do not include photos or graphics."Chicago Sun-Times
Hollinger International Inc.
online archives, 1986 - present;
fee-based if older than 30 days.Chicago Tribune
Tribune Company
online archives, 1852 - present;
free searches, fee-based full-texts.
St. Louis Post-Dispatch
Lee Enterprises, Incorporated
online archives, 1988 - present;
free headlines, first paragraphs; fee-based full-texts.The San Francisco Chronicle
Hearst Communications, Inc.
online archives, 1995 - present.Los Angeles Times
Tribune Company
online archives, 1985 - present.
• Articles from many of the above newspapers are accessible through the proprietary Lexis-Nexis database if you are a registered student of the University of Hawai‘i or of another college or university subscribing to this service.
• If you do not immediately find what you are seeking, consult the print-edition indexes for these newspapers. You will find these indexes in Hamilton Library's reference section. In most cases, their coverage extends further back than the corresponding online archives. And their coverage is probably more thorough for having included all articles for each date of publication. Use the print indexes to find the articles on microfilm in Hamilton Library.
• These valuable newspapers do not deserve prestige for
being "objective" as if they were "neutral." Most of them uncritically aid
and abet the extension of U.S. military power abroad. For alternative news
sources, return to the Directory, and click on
links found on other pages of Pollard's website.
• Also, try NewsLibrary.
• Updated weekly, archives of the University of Wisconsin's Internet Scout Project provide
annotated links to quality websites on a broad variety of social and
political issues in the news.
• No newspaper's editors or reporters are neutral in the sense of
having no values or on the sense of not actively caring about the topic of
their articles. The most influential newspapers in the United States are
relatively self-disciplined. In other words, while claiming to be
"independent" and "objective," they generally publish articles within an
identifably narrow frame of values acceptable to U.S. Government
policymakers.
• To consider competing perspectives, visit websites of Internet
newspapers linked to the Emerging civil society
and Asia, comparatively pages and other resources
on Pollard's website.
• "Online news, breaking news, feature stories and more" are
offered by ABC News.
• The parent company of CNN
(Cable News Network) is Time Warner
Inc.
• Access "breaking news headlines and video from CBS News." Its parent company is the CBS Corporation.
• "A long-term trend toward consolidation has prevailed throughout
the history of the broadcasting industry, beginning with group ownership
of the earliest radio stations of 1920-1921." In recent years, this trend
apparently has accelerated.1
TV networks
1 Herbert H. Howard, "Television Station
Ownership in the United States: A Comprehensive Study (1940-2005),"
Journalism Communication Monographs, vol. 8, no. 1 (Spring 2006),
p. 72.
Government-sponsored news outlets
• The Voice of America "is a multimedia international broadcasting service funded by the U.S. government through the Broadcasting Board of Governors. VOA broadcasts more than 1,000 hours of news, information, educational, and cultural programming every week to an estimated worldwide audience of more than 115 million people."
© 1999-2009, Vincent K. Pollard.
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