海外华人文化 Chinese cultures abroad WWW VL

Entries for 22 Southeast Asia websites linked below usually include the following documentation:

Title, theme • Content manager • URL • Primary audience • Languages
• Special features • Navigability • Phone, fax • E-mail, snail mail address
Archival URLs • Dates created, last updated • Evaluator, dates accessed

If your computer's operating system or browser incompatibility gives inconsistent access to location hyperlinks below, scroll down to the desired entry:

Introduction.

1. Tsinoys on the Web
2. Chinese Commercial News.
3. KAISA - Angelo King Heritage Center.
4. Malaysian Chinese Association.

5. Chinese in Malaysia.
6. Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
7. Chinese Heritage Centre.
8. Japan Center for Asian Historical Records.

9. United Nations Association USA is concerned about Human Rights Abuse in Indonesia.
10. Indonesian Huaren Crisis Center.
11. Shrine of Remembrance: Sexual Violence against Chinese-Indonesian Females.
12. Protect the Chinese Women's Right! No More Sexual Violence Against Chinese Women!

13. Indo Chaos.
14. Overseas Chinese Daily News.
15. Forum Budaya Tionghoa dan Sejarah Tiongkok
(Chinese Indonesian Cultural Forum and History of China).
16. Perhimpunan Indonesia Tionghoa (INTI)
(Chinese Indonesian Association).

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17. Singkawang, Kota Seribu Kuil
(Singkawang, City of a Thousand Temples).
18. Perwakilan Umat Buddha Indonesia (Walubi)
(Representative of Buddhists in Indonesia).
19. Mualaf Center Online
(Union of Chinese Indonesian Muslims).
20. Indonesian Business Association in Shanghai.

21. Renshi Hanyu Online by Lembaga Pendidikan Bahasa Tionghoa PPSA
(PPSA Chinese Language Education Institution).
22. World News.

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Introduction. Conventionally, Southeast Asia includes Brunei Darussalam, the Kingdom of Cambodia, Indonesia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic ("Laos"), Myanmar (formerly, Burma), the Federation of Malaysia, the Republic of the Philippines, the Republic of Singapore, the Kingdom of Thailand, the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste ("East Timor") and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Seven of the eight countries with the largest ethnic Chinese populations lie in this region. Today, 80% of all Chinese diaspora still reside here.

Although spelled "Southeast Asia" in many countries, the spelling "South East Asia" has been used in English-language Asian diplomacy and journalism in the region.

The Southeast Asian region has expanded and contracted during the past one hundred years. That reality underlines the claim that there is no historically consistent boundary. No matter how widely a regional boundary is accepted, at any given point in time, it is neither natural or permanent. Instead, politics and history have always been decisive.¹ For example, Southeast Asia has sometimes more expansively been understood to include Papua New Guinea, Taiwan or Sri Lanka. On the other hand, in the early 1940s U.S. wartime planners placed the Philippines in the "Southwest Pacific."

¹ See Donald Emmerson, "Southeast Asia — What's in a Name?" Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, vol. 15, no. 1 (March 1984), pp. 1-21.

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Contact between China and what is now the Philippines began during the Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE). Early Song Dynasty tax records from the tenth century C.E. refer to islands south of Taiwan as Mai-Maid, as do Chinese maps from the twelfth to the fifteenth centuries. Today, that archipelago is known as the Philippines. It was mentioned by Chinese traders. Some intermarried with local people and took up residence there.

Later, "the preoccupation of most Chinese with business in the Philippines led Filipinos to use the Spanish term to refer to Chinese as sangley (merchant in Chinese)," according to Allen Chun's "Who Wants to Be Diasporic?" Working Paper [City University of Hong Kong], no. 50 (August 2003). In turn, that Spanish word is derived from Chinese shang lu meaning "traveling merchant."

"When Yung Lo was emperor of China (1402-1424) he was said to have extended his rule over the entire island of Luzon. To govern this island, he installed Ko Cha Lao as governor [in Lingayan, Pangasinan].....After the death of Yung Lo, the Chinese rule over Luzon collapsed."^*

^* Municipipality of Lingayan, Province of Pangasinan, Republic of the Philippines, "Historical Background," 4 April 2005; accessed, 7 October 2007 -- v.k.p.

Although 10% of Filipinos have some Chinese ancestry, only 1% identify themselves as Tsinoy, that is, as "Chinese Filipinos" or ethnic Chinese. For example, former President Corazon Cojuangco Aquino is a well-known ethnic Chinese. In 1988, Aquino visited her family's ancestral home in Hongjian Village near Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province, southeastern China.

Prolonged Chinese presence in the Philippines also influenced its national language. At least 1,000 words in Filipino/Tagalog are of Chinese origin. Derived from that rich vocabulary, words like ate ("oldest sister") and ditse ("second-oldest sister") describe intra-familial relations. In 1994, a native speaker of Fujianese (Fukienese) assured this editor that the Filipino/Tagalog pronunciation of those words is recognizable. Chinese dietary influences are also noticeable. Striking varieties of pansit or "noodle dishes" are visible reminders of Chinese cultural transmission.

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Intsik — or Intsek — is the contemporary Filipino/Tagalog word meaning "Chinese." Despite its familial origins in the Amoy Chinese term for "uncle," historic anti-Chinese racism gave Intsik a pejorative meaning. During 330 years of Spanish rule over the Philippines, Chinese were treated as outcasts and occasionally experienced violence, probably because some Chinese resisted conversion to the European colonizers' Roman Catholic religion.

Nonetheless, Filipinos of Chinese ancestry like Roman Ongpin risked their lives and property as patriots, leaders and martyrs in the Philippine Revolution of 1896. During 1896-1898 when Filipinos were fighting for independence from Spain and, with the intrusion of the Asian phase of the Spanish-American War, from the United States, Sun Yat-Sen's Guomindang (Kuomintang) or "Nationalist Party") twice tried to ship arms from Japan to Filipino revolutionaries.

Under President Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1986), Chinese schools were required to conform more closely with national educational policies. Shortly before the dictator Marcos extended diplomatic recognition to the People's Republic of China in 1975, widespread dual citizenship among Chinese Filipinos ended.

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Perhaps only in Thailand did Chinese face less prejudice during the past several centuries. There, as in the Philippines, Chinese are prominent among the most influential business people.

After 1870, Chinese immigration to Southeast Asia jumped. Newly arrived Chinese workers labored on plantations and in the mines. Others became active and successful in retail trade. Just before Japan invaded Southeast Asia in 1941-1942, the Chinese population in Southeast Asia had reached 24 million. That total equaled or exceeded the population of China's larger provinces — and was one third greater than the Philippines.

Constitutionally independent in 1957, the new Federation of Malaya expanded, becoming Malaysia in 1963. This larger collection of former British colonies included majority-Chinese Singapore. However, on 8 August 1965, Singapore was forced out of Malaysia — apparently for fear of the impact of its voting impact on future elections in the parliamentary government. Since then, Singapore has been an independent city-state.

Four years later, ethnic discrimination erupted within Malaysia. Its population was still almost 25% Chinese, and they experienced violence. At least 800 Chinese and perhaps as many as 2,000 were killed during the May 1969 intercommunal riots in Kuala Lumpur. But see a collection of undergraduate honors papers from the National University of Singapore on Chinese religion in Malaysia.

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In colonial and postcolonial Indonesia, "nationalist xenophobia" has been "directed against diaspora Chinese in times of crisis." In 1998, for example, high-ranking officers of ABRI (Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia) encouraged terrorist mobs who raped, mutilated and murdered Chinese during the agonizing final months of General Suharto's dictatorship. "More than 1,200 Chinese were killed in anti-Chinese urban riots in May 1998." ² As of September 1998, Indonesia's government "promised" to stop labeling passports of ethnic Chinese as such.

²Donald M. Nonini, "Diaspora Chinese in the Asia Pacific: Transnational Practices and Structured Inequalities," In M. Jocelyn Armstrong, R. Warwick Armstrong and Kent Mulliner (eds.), Chinese Populations in Contemporary Southeast Asian Societies: Identities, Interdependence, and International Influence [Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 2001], pp. 260-261, footnote 1).

A minority of Chinese Indonesians adhere neither to traditional Chinese religions not to Christianity. Download a discussion of this adaptive diaspora by Michael Jacobsen, "Chinese Muslims in Indonesia: Politics, Economy, Faith and Expediency," Kevin Hewison (ed.), Working Papers Series [Southeast Asia Research Center, The City University of Hong Kong], no 54 (November 2003).

Meanwhile, "There are as many as 1 million Chinese living in the country right now, many/most of them arriving after 1988," according to a scholar of Burma/Myanmar politics. "Also, there is a long-established (several hundred years) Chinese community in Kokang, Shan State....., Kokang), not to mention Overseas Chinese in Rangoon, from the British colonial era" (Professor Donald M. Seekins, Meio University, e-mail communication to Vincent K. Pollard, 22 December 2003).

Ethnic Chinese influence in the political economy of Southeast Asia continued to be substantial at the end of the twentieth century:

Eighty-one percent of quoted capital in Thailand is owned by ethnic Chinese, who form 10 per cent of the population; the respective relative percentages in Indonesia are 73:3.5; in Malaysia 61:29; and in the Philippines 50-60:1.8. Along with the Chinese societies of Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macau and Singapore (77 per cent Chinese), these communities have jumped at the opportunities offered by the opening of the mainland Chinese economy to capital (D. Kowalewski [1999], A. Chua [2003] and the Financial Times [26 April 1995, 16 August 1995 and 17 October 1995]; summarized in Kees van der Pijl, Global Rivalries From the Cold War to Iraq [London and Ann Arbor, Michigan: Pluto Press, 2006], p. 304).

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Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations
SEA-1. Blessy Feliciano Editor Tsinoys on the Web Tsinoy.com Asia, Inc. 19 Purdue St. Northeast Greenhills, San Juan Metro Manila Republic of the Philippines Phone: + 632 725-1044 Fax: + 632 725-9447 In North America: Tsinoy.com, Inc. 127 Peachtree St., Suite 503 Atlanta, Georgia 30303 U.S.A. Phone: + 1 404 688-4338 Fax: + 1 404 688-1322 URL: www.tsinoy.com/ Archival URLs: 13 November 1999 - 30 August 2007	STUDENT PERSPECTIVES on Tsinoys on the Web: "From what I've seen on Tsinoy.com, many of the Chinese in the Philippines still subscribe to traditional Chinese values of hard work, education, community and respect for your elders. The site offers many insights into the experience of being Chinese in the Philippines. Articles describe the search for identity, of what it means to be Chinese. It is an excellent site. My only suggestion is to give more insight into hardships encountered by ethnic Chinese" — Steven Lee, student, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Asian Studies 320C, Spring 2004. Return to top of Southeast Asia. "This website generally looks at the past and traditions as something bigger than life. The Chinese Filipino community was also concerned about nation building of the Philippines and how it affects the Chinese Filipino community in the Philipines. An example of that is mentioned on the Community News page about the Third National Tsinoy Convention that was held [in 2004].....The Chinese Filipino community is not only concerned about its connection with the Mainland China but also with their adopted country" — Gia D. Salmon, student, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Asian Studies 320C, Spring 2004. Return to top of Southeast Asia. "It is useful to distinguish between the multiple identities of the Chinese in the Philippines. 'Ethnic Chinese' are the people who have retained the most Chinese culture in their values and customs. Understanding at least one Chinese dialect and having mostly Chinese blood is the core of this identity. 'Philippine Chinese' refers to the community, people or history between these two cultures. 'Filipino Chinese' refers to the more traditional Chinese with more Chinese ethnic identity yet having Philippine citizenship. When this term refers to an organization, it means that it has both Chinese and Filipino members. 'Chinese Filipinos' are mostly native-born ethnic Chinese claiming a Filipino identity while simultaneously acknowledging their Chinese ancestry. This group is most commonly referred to as the 'Tsinoys.' 'Alien Chinese' refers to Chinese immigrants who do not claim Filipino citizenship. "Tsinoy.com serves the Tsinoy who is searching for a community to relate with a place where a sense of ethnic identity could conveniently provide opportunities to learn, express opinions and network. More history of the Chinese presence in the Philippines might strengthen this wesite" — Bjorn John Y. Ramos, student, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Asian Studies 320C, Spring 2004. Return to top of Southeast Asia. • This website is self-described as a "global voice of Chinese and Filipinos." Combining the first syllable of the Tagalog word Tsina ("China") and the second syllable of Pinoy ("Filipino"), Tsinoy means "Chinese Filipino(s)." • "Tsinoy.com," according to the editor, "started primarily as a bridge of understanding between Chinese and Filipinos by interactively promoting the rich culture and traditions of the two nationalities.....but has also outlived its original vision as the community has grown immensely into a premiere global village of more than 4,500 Tsinoys and Tsinoys-at-heart around the world." • A Barangay Tsinoy.com page on this website consists of links to Chinese Filipino websites in twelve or more cities around the the world. In traditional Philippines, barangay referred to a village of perhaps a hundred families. Today, barangay also refers to the geographically smallest political unit. "A barangay is an area that serves as the primary planning and implementing unit of government policies, plans, programs, projects and activities in the community as a forum wherein the collective views of the people may be expressed, crystallized and considered, and where disputes may be amicably settled" (Jose N. Nolledo [ed.], The Local Government Code of 1991, 1st edition [Manila: Rex Book Store, 1992], p. 527). • Other services include the following: events, jobs, links, maps, mobile phone information, nightlife and souvenirs. The "Kaisiao" search template lets users connect with people interested in meeting for "Friendship," "Dating," Relationship" or "Business." Kaisiao "is a Fookienese [Fujianese] Chinese word which literally means 'to refer' or 'to introduce' and has been popularly used to mean 'matchmaking'." Also features a chat room ("Tsinoy.com Forum"), the Rice Bitz e-magasin [ = "magazine"], an art Gallery, and fortune telling (with daily updates). With direct e-mail contact and an automated e-mail Web update service to alert subscribers to newly added content. On the date accessed, 8,940 subscribers were claimed, apparently including the 4,500 cited above. • Mostly in English, but Tagalog is used in the website's chat room. • Created, 1998; accessed, 3 October 2003, 24 April 2008; last date updated not stated as of last date accessed. — v.k.p. Return to top of Southeast Asia
Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations
SEA-2. Mr. CHUA Chairman Randy Pardo Graphic Artist Chinese Commercial News a/k/a Phil-Chinese Balita Yuyitung Communications, Inc. Office: 639-C Gandara St. Binondo, Manila Republic of the Philippines Phone: + 632 241-1656, 241-1692, 241-1588 Fax: + 632 241-1549 Editorial: 652 Santo Tomas St. Intramuros, Manila Republic of the Philippines Phone: + 632 527-5369 Fax: + 632 527-5393 URL: www.siongpo.com/	STUDENT PERSPECTIVE on Chinese Commercial News: "This newspaper does not merely inform. It also tries to improve relationships between Chinese Filipinos and other Filipinos.....[The newspaper] has not changed its ethics and ideals. That claim is illustrated by the fact that it is still partly written in the Chinese language" — Guo Bin Yang, student, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Asian Studies 320C, Spring 2004. Return to top of Southeast Asia. • The printed counterpart of "The Philippines' First Chinese Language Newspaper on-line" may be the oldest Chinese-language newspaper in the Philippines today. • In the print edition, this newspaper describes itself as "the leading Chinese exponent of Far Eastern commerce and industry since 1919." That year, it began as the monthly newsletter of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce. "Dr. Huang Kai Chong, former professor at Xiamen University, was commissioned to write on economic and business issues. This allowed the Chinese businessmen to acquire economic and business knowledge and at the same time gave support to the development of unity and cooperation between overseas Chinese organizations and the community." This publication was shut down by the Japanese during World War II. Suppressed again during martial law (1972-1986), "the Chinese Commercial News was the only pre-martial law Chinese-language paper to resume publication." • This website provides links for "Our History," "Philippines," "Fil-Chi Society," an "Archive," "Advertisement," information about "Our Staff," a "Guestbook" where you may leave a message, and an "Obituary" section. Special features include separate links for local, international, business and sports news, as well as for editorials and open forum discussion. • The webmaster provides an e-mail address, inviting comments and suggestions from users of this website. • In Chinese with English translations. • Created, 2000; last date updated not indicated as of date accessed (1 November 2003) — v.k.p. Return to top of Southeast Asia
Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations
SEA-3. KAISA-Angelo King Heritage Center Anda corner Cabildo Streets Intramuros, 1002 Manila Republic of the Philippines Fax: + 632 527-6085 URL: www.philonline.com.ph/~kaisa/khc_btsinoy.html	STUDENT PERSPECTIVE on KAISA: "Any opportunity such as community centers to gain greater understanding of oneself and one's history should never be taken for granted. A place such as Kaisa could free many Tsinoys from ignorance, as well as provide missing pieces that would fit into the whole of an individual identity" — Bjorn John Y. Ramos, student, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Asian Studies 320C, Spring 2005. Return to top of Southeast Asia • A project of Bahay Tsinoy — literally, "a Chinese Filipino House" and self-described as "A Museum of the Chinese in Philippine Life." • Nicely illustrated. • In English. • With e-mail contact template. • Date last updated not indicated as of date accessed (15 January 2004) — v.k.p. Return to top of Southeast Asia
Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations
SEA-4. Malaysian Chinese Association Headquarters 8th Floor, Wisma MCA 163, Jalan Ampang 60450 Kuala Lumpur Federation of Malaysia Phone: + 603 21618044 Fax: + 603 21619772 URL: www.mca.org.my/	STUDENT PERSPECTIVES on the Malaysian Chinese Association: ".....[T]his website could be very useful to students who wish to become members of the MCA [Malaysian Chinese Association] or for those who just want to research Chinese Diaspora in Malaysia" — James K. Baker, student, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Asian Studies 320C, Spring 2004. Return to top of Southeast Asia. ".....This website does not provide enough information on the everday life of Chinese in Malaysia and on the role Chinese people play in the society" — Tammie Wei Yin Liang, student, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Asian Studies 320C, Spring 2004. Return to top of Southeast Asia. "With 25% of MCA membership under 45 years of age, it has the potential to be socially, politically or economically influential in Malaysian society.....However, given the size of the MCA membership and its influence in Malaysia, the Malaysian community has the ability to blame MCA for problems that may befall them in the future" — Micah R. Wallin, student, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Asian Studies 320c, Spring 2005. Return to top of Southeast Asia. • History, philosophy, song, flag, and constitution of the "Party MCA." Lists all nine MCA Presidents (and their inclusive dates as officers) since 1949. Although not stated on this website, the MCA was formed as an anticommunist organization under British colonial tutelage. • Online membership application form. Available publications. Women and youth sections. Ongoing activities. • With e-mail template. • In Chinese and English. • Created, 1996. First accessed 5 August 2003. Subsequently accessed, 25 March 2004.Last updated in 2005 as of date last accessed (30 May 2005) — v.k.p. Return to top of Southeast Asia.
Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations
SEA-5. Mizan Khan Deepa Khosla Kathie Young. Chinese in Malaysia Center for International Development and Conflict Management University of Maryland 0145 Tydings Hall College Park, Maryland 20742 U.S.A. URL: www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/mar/data/malchi.htm	STUDENT PERSPECTIVE on Chinese in Malaysia: "This website lets Chinese people who live in Malaysia be aware of what is going on in Malaysia, and it also lets the Chinese people know of the risks they face" — David C. Cheng, student, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Asian Studies 320C, Spring 2004. Return to top of Southeast Asia. "Although this website contains only an abstract and offers no links to the full analysis, it manages to detail crucial events in Chinese-Malay relations, reasons for hostilities on both sides, as well as a very useful historical timeline on a separate page" — David Nguyen, student, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Asian Studies 320C, Spring 2005. Return to top of Southeast Asia. • One of the earliest websites on the Chinese diaspora. • Summary of the political history of earlier and more recent Chinese immigrants to Malaysia. Links to a general "Chinese Chronology" of Chinese diaspora in Malaysia. Documented with six endnotes. • In English. • Created 21 February 1995; last updated 5 May 2002 as of date accessed (21 July 2003) — v.k.p. Return to top of Southeast Asia
Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations
SEA-6. Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry 47 Hill Street #09-00 Republic of Singapore 179365 Phone: + 65 6337 8381 Fax: + 65 6339 060 URL: http://english.sccci.org.sg/	STUDENT PERSPECTIVE on the Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry: "This website is recommended to anyone looking for business opportunities with Chinese-originated business people. This website functions as a network that connects Chinese business people all over the world. And for academic researchers interested in the economic power and development of Chinese emigrants, this website is most highly recommended" — Young Jun Choi, student, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Asian Studies 320C, Spring 2004. Return to top of Southeast Asia. • With e-mail template. • In Chinese and English. • Accessed 4 May 2004 — v.k.p. Return to top of Southeast Asia.
Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations
SEA-7. NG Chin-keong Professor & Director Chinese Heritage Centre 12 Nanyang Drive (NTU) Republic of Singapore 637 721 Fax: + 65 6792-0017 URL: www.chineseheritagecentre.org/	STUDENT PERSPECTIVE on the Chinese Heritage Centre: "This network seems to be well established and clear on its goals. However, the website needs better maintenance" — Dennis Johannesen, student, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Asian Studies 320C, Spring 2004. Return to top of Southeast Asia. • "The Centre aims to be a leading research and resource centre on the Chinese outside China." • Links to the Center's Newsletter, research & publications, exhibition, and the Wang Gungwu Library. The Newsletter is downloadable as a .pdf file, and the website features the headlines of selected articles from the latest issue. • All of these resources are enhanced by a page with links to external websites. • E-mail contact to the Centre's Director and staff. • In English, with bilingual Chinese-English titles for each page on the Centre's website. • Last date updated 2 October 2003, as of date accessed (4 January 2004) — v.k.p. Return to top of Southeast Asia.
Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations
SEA-8. Japan Center for Asian Historical Records (JACAR) National Archives of Japan 4th fl., Sumitomo Hanzomon Bldg., Annex 2-1-2, Hirakawacho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Japan Phone: + 81 3-3556-8801 Fax: + 81 3-3261-1521 URL: www.jacar.go.jp/ Archival URLs: 16 December 2001 - 18 July 2007	• In the 1930s, Japanese government agencies began collecting information on Southeast Asia, including about its Chinese populations. Subsequently, the façade of the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere was created, primarily as propagandistic veneer over Japan's imperialist intentions. • In August 1994, according to the webmaster, " Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama promised at home and abroad to establish a "Center for Asian Historical Records" that would 'collect history books and materials, support researchers, etc., for squarely facing past history' as the centerpiece of the 'Plan for peace and friendship exchanges,' to commence the following year in commemoration of fifty years from the end of World War II." • Four years later, "a committee of 15 persons of learning and experience.....recommended that the Center be established 'for impartially collecting a wide variety of materials and information on modern history of Japan and neighboring Asian countries and other countries, and helping researchers as well as the general public at home and abroad h[a]ve easy access to them'." • Materials accessible on the JACAR website come from the Meiji era (1868-1912) on down through the end of World War II (1931-1945): "Among the materials possessed by Japan's institutions, for the time being JACAR is supplying access to image information, as they become available, of Asian historical records kept by The National Archives of Japan, The Diplomatic Records Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and The National Institute for Defense Studies of the National Defense Agency." • User-friendly request forms and comment forms. • In Japanese and English. • Created in 2001; accessed 16 July 2003, 17 April 2005, 11 May 2005, 19 February 2008; last date updated 25 October 2007, as of last date accessed — v.k.p. Return to top of Southeast Asia.
Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations
SEA-9. Peter TEE United Nations Association USA is concerned about Human Rights Abuse in Indonesia P. O. Box 6392 Alhambra, California 91802 U.S.A. URL: www.huaren.com/Indo/Human_Rights.html Alternate URL: http://welcome.to/ihcc/	STUDENT PERSPECTIVES on United Nations Association USA is concerned about Human Rights Abuse in Indonesia: "The website definitely makes it clear that the world is not the warm and fuzzy place that we would like it to be" — David J. Hamm, student, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Asian Studies 320C, Spring 2004. Return to top of Southeast Asia. "Huaren.com is a very informative site. It deals with crimes against humanity committed against ethnic Chinese in Indonesia. It also does a fairly good job of chronicling the systematic discrimination and scapegoating of the Chinese that has gone on for years. However, aside from the events of May 1998, the site gives little information on the culture and daily lives of Indonesian Chinese" — Steven Lee, student, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Asian Studies 320C, Spring 2004. Return to top of Southeast Asia. "The Huaren plight was documented, and the website has carefully collected these precious links and put them up for the world to see the atrocities that occurred.....But this is just the shocking front. This is not the story of the people.....Although the web page immediately catches the eye with its shocking images and shocking stories, this page is convoluted and very confusing. The direction of the external links is not clear. However, patience and persistence are rewarded by in-depth coverage, opinionated articles and a fact-finding final report" — Kristen Tatsuko Nii, student, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Asian Studies 320C, Spring 2004. Return to top of Southeast Asia. • 20 disturbing printed or photographic documents attesting to human rights violations. These include sexual assaults, mutilations, arsons and murders perpetrated against Chinese in Indonesia during 1998. • In Chinese (readable with Big 5 and GB); and English. • Created 1998; accessed 15 July 2003, 23 January 2005, 19 February 2007 — v.k.p. Return to top of Southeast Asia.
Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations
SEA-10. Indonesian Huaren Crisis Center (IHCC) U.S.A. URL: www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/4120/	• Official report, individual testimonies, and other documents. Aside from the main page, links for news archive, opinion (in Bahasa and English), discussion, photo gallery. • The "Chat" and "Message Board" links on the Opinion page no longer function. • Also, an array of hyperlinks exposing disinformation about atrocities against Indonesian Chinese in 1998 is no longer hot, and the ihcc@poboxes.com e-mail link to the sponsoring IHCC did not work on the date accessed. • Apparently no longer actively updated, this website remains a valuable repository of verbal and photographic records of anti-Chinese atrocities committed during the final months of the Suharto dictatorship and countenanced by high officials of ABRI (Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia). • In Bahasa Indonesia and English. • Created 1998; evidently not updated since then; accessed 21 September 2003, 9 January 2004, 23 January 2005, and 23 November 2005 — v.k.p. Return to top of Southeast Asia.
Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations
SEA-11. Shrine of Remembrance: Sexual Violence against Chinese-Indonesian Females Austria URL: http://land.heim.at/podersdorf/220272/links.html Archival URLs for overlapping periods: 18 March 2002 - 25 December 2004 and 19 February 2002 - 17 February 2005	STUDENT PERSPECTIVE on Shrine of Remembrance: Sexual Violence against Chinese-Indonesian Females: "This is a very disturbing website. It has many links to other websites dealing with the May 1998 Rape of Jakarta. Although hatred for the Chinese stemmed from the idea that the Chinese are wealthier than the Indonesian people, linked articles explained that this is a misconception by Indonesians and that most of the Chinese living in Indonesia are very poor.....This website really needs to be updated.....It would also be good if a warning were attached to some of the links that there may be graphic photographs. These included pictures of a young man being shot in the street and pictures of the rioting in Jakarta.....This website has a very somber, angry and compassionate tone all at once. it made me want to get involved in alleviating the plight of these women and children" — Laura L. Reidy, student, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Asian Studies 320C, Spring 2004. Return to top of Southeast Asia. • Linked to eleven websites of nongovernmental human rights organizations and to two United Nations websites in 2004. • This website's link to Solidaritas Nusa-Bangsa appears to have been vandalized by individuals or organizations opposed to dissemination of information on atrocities committed against Chinese in 1998 by militia members trained by the Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia. • In Bahasa Indonesia and English. • Some links to archived sites no longer are hot. • Created 1998; last updated, 5 November 2004. Accessed, 15 July 2003, 18 January 2004, 25 January 2004, and 24 January 2005 — v.k.p. Return to top of Southeast Asia.
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SEA-12. Elizabeth Hsu WONG Karen WONG Protect the Chinese Women's Right! No More Sexual Violence Against Chinese Women! Chinese Women's Right Association Jakarta Indonesia and Hong Kong, S.A.R. People's Republic of China URL: www.geocities.com/karenw_hk/chinese_women.html Archival URL: No matches	• Personal accounts of attacks by pribumi Indonesian men on Chinese Catholic high school women students in north Jakarta just before, during and after the fall of the dictator President Suharto on 21 May 1998. • The sponsoring organization was researching those human rights violations. • 2 external links. • In English. • Created 1998. Date last updated not indicated as of dates accessed (11 August 2003, 1 November 2003) — v.k.p. • On or before 9 January 2004, the following notice was posted by the webmaster at www.geocities.com/: "Sorry, the page you requested was not found." • Subsequently, despite the following requests for information, no archive for the Wongs' website has been reported: Since early 2004, Internet scholars on the 4,500-member H-ASIA network and elsewhere have been periodically queried. Later, on 25 January 2008, a query was sent to GeoCities.Com. According to a Yahoo! GeoCities staffperson's reply to Vincent Pollard later that day, "the contents of the dormant accounts are deleted at the end of six months." On 31 January 2008, an e-mail query was sent to the e-mail address (karenw_hk@yahoo.com) listed on the personal web page of "Elizabeth Wong" (not Karen Wong) since that website (last updated, 19 November 2001) included a link to the nonfunctioning "Protect the Chinese Women's Right" website. In response, however, the following reply was received on the same day: "Diagnostic code: smtp;554 delivery error: dd Sorry your message to karenw_hk@yahoo.com cannot be delivered. This account has been disabled or discontinued [#102]." Return to top of Southeast Asia.
Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations
SEA-13. Soekarno Chenata Indo Chaos U.S.A. [?] URL: www.geocities.com/Pentagon/3233/chaos.html Archival URL: 1998 - 2000	• The sponsoring non-profit corporation was established by Soekarno Chenata on 9 March 1998. It is — or was — part of a Yellow Ribbon Campaign advocating Human Rights Equality for the Chinese-Indonesians. According to Indo Chaos, it "works [or worked] in collaboration with Shrine of Remembrance." (See entry SEA-12, above.) • According to the independent service provider, the e-mail link to Soekarno Chenata's e-mail "account has been disabled or discontinued." • The link to the "Message Board" no longer functions properly. Instead, it misdirects the user to a commercial portal. • In English and Bahasa • Created 1998. Last updated 2000, as of date accessed, 23 January 2005 — v.k.p. Return to top of Southeast Asia.
Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations
SEA-14. Overseas Chinese Daily News P. O. Box 10139 88801 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Federation of Malaysia Phone: + 49 3221 URL: www.founder.net.my/ocdn/	• Owned by PUC Founder (MSC) Berhad, publisher of the Daily Express, a trilingual (English, Bahasa Malaysia and Kadazan) large-circulation newspaper on the island of Borneo in Sabah, East Malaysia. • With separate pages for 7 categories of news and other articles and a search engine for recently published issues. • In Chinese. • Created 2003 (?). • First accessed 8 April 2004. Last updated 28 April 2005, as of last date accessed (29 April 2005) — v.k.p. Return to top of Southeast Asia.
Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations
SEA-15. Forum Budaya Tionghoa dan Sejarah Tiongkok (Chinese Indonesian Cultural Forum and History of China) Indonesia URL: www.budaya-tionghoa.org/	• Forum Budaya Tionghoa dan Sejarah Tiongkok features a gallery of photos, surveys, stories, list of members • The group also sponsors an online discussion forum in Bahasa on Yahoo! • Registration is required — but free — to access some parts of this website. • In Bahasa with some English, including in the headings of sections. • Created 2003 [?]. ‘ Accessed 14 January 2006 — v.k.p. Return to top of Southeast Asia.
Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations
SEA-16. Perhimpunan Indonesia Tionghoa (INTI) (Chinese Indonesian Association) Indonesia URL: www.inti.or.id/	"Formal non-govt [governmental] organization, with numerous socio-cultural activities, also involved in policy advocacy once in a while (though not reflected in the site). Originally the site was built in 1999, but then re-produced and re-registered in 2005. Membership is not limited to Chinese Indonesians, though the majority are Chinese" — Christine Susanna Tjhin (Chen Shuling), Researcher, Department of Politics and Social Change, Centre for Strategic and International Studies, Jakarta, In, H-ASIA [Asian History and Studies], 5 January 2006. Return to top of Southeast Asia. • In Bahasa Indonesia. • Perhaps reflecting problems with its web server, this website is not always accessible. • Accessed 6 January 2006 — v.k.p. Return to top of Southeast Asia.
Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations
SEA-17. Singkawang, Kota Seribu Kuil (Singkawang, City of a Thousand Temples) Indonesia URL: http://students.ukdw.ac.id/~22033360/	"Linked to www.singkawang.go.id and www.singkawang.net. Website aimed to foster cultural, historical, tourism aspect of Singkawang, a Chinese dominated city in West Kalimantan. Registered since 2005" — Christine Susanna Tjhin (Chen Shuling), Researcher, Department of Politics and Social Change, Centre for Strategic and International Studies, Jakarta, In, H-ASIA [Asian History and Studies], 5 January 2006. Return to top of Southeast Asia. • Internally linked to the "Students Page" of the Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana website. • In Bahasa. • Accessed 6 January 2006, 14 January 2006 — v.k.p. Return to top of Southeast Asia.
Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations
SEA-18. Perwakilan Umat Buddha Indonesia (WALUBI) (Representative of Buddhists in Indonesia) Sekretariat WALUBI Pusat Gedung BERCA Lt. 2 Jl. Abdul Muis No. 62 Jakarta Indonesia Phone: 021 351 8801 Fax: 021 351 8803 URL: www.walubi.or.id/	"Registered since 2002. Members are not limited to Chinese Indonesians, though a majority are" — Christine Susanna Tjhin (Chen Shuling), Researcher, Department of Politics and Social Change, Centre for Strategic and International Studies, Jakarta, In, H-ASIA [Asian History and Studies], 5 January 2006. • In Bahasa. • Accessed 6 January 2006, 14 January 2006 — v.k.p. Return to top of Southeast Asia.
Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations
SEA-19. Mualaf Center Online (Union of Chinese Indonesian Muslims) Jl. Gunung Sahari Raya No. 28 D, Lantai 3 Jakarta Pusat Tele/fax: 021 626 0447 Indonesia URL: http://mualaf.com/	"A website from PITI or Persatuan Islam Tionghoa Indonesia [Union of Chinese Indonesian Muslims]. Registered in 2005" — Christine Susanna Tjhin (Chen Shuling), Researcher, Department of Politics and Social Change, Centre for Strategic and International Studies, Jakarta, In, H-ASIA [Asian History and Studies], 5 January 2006. Return to top of Southeast Asia. • In Bahasa; with headings and help in English. • Accessed 6 January 2006, 14 January 2006, 4 March 2006 — v.k.p. Return to top of Southeast Asia.
Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations
SEA-20. Frankle Widjaja Chairman Indonesian Business Association in Shanghai (IBAS) IBAS Jakarta Secretariat Komp. Kota Grogol Permai Block A 20-21 Jl. Prof. Dr. Latumenten No. 19 Jakarta Barat 11460 Indonesia Phone: + 62 (21) 5661603 Fax: + 62 (21) 5630451 IBAS Shanghai Secretariat 20/F Lippo Plaza 222 Huaihai Zhong Rd. Shanghai 200021 People's Republic of China Phone: + 86 53966151 Fax: + 86 (21) 53966152 URL: http://harsono.com/links.html	• With links to embassies, consulates, business associations, and the IBAS Newsletter. • In Bahasa and English. • Created 2003; last date updated not indicated, as of date last accessed (10 February 2006) — v.k.p. Return to top of Southeast Asia.
Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations
SEA-21. Renshi Hanyu Online by Lembaga Pendidikan Bahasa Tionghoa PPSA (PPSA Chinese Language Education Institution) Jl. Embong Malang 78 Surabaya 60261 Indonesia Phone: + 031-5314908, 031-5461491 URL: www.ppsatop.com/PPSA.html	• E-mail template. • In Bahasa and Chinese • Created 5 June 2000; last updated 2004, as of last date accessed (29 May 2006) — v.k.p. Return to top of Southeast Asia.
Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations
SEA-22. World News Philippines. Fax: + 2429938 URL: www.worldnews.com.ph Archival URLs: 2 December 1998 - present.	• "The leading Chinese Newspaper." • In Chinese. • E-mail template. Accessed 22 May 2007 and 31 January 2008 — v.k.p. Return to top of Southeast Asia.
Documentation, contact information	Summaries, evaluations

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