The homogeneity and uniformity of the print medium reinforced the belief in the transparent function of language. In scientific literature, tendency until very recently has been to be as objective as possible. The writer totally disappears from the view, so that the reader has direct access to the concepts which are presented through a text. Such a tendency was also prevalent in literature and the arts. When Newtonian worldview was at its peak in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and the nineteenth century, it was the time of realistic fiction where writers took a piece of reality and depicted it in their fiction as objectively as possible. The predominant method of literary representation was in the form of linear narrativizaiton where the plot was constituted of causally determined events. Flaubert's Madame Bovary is a good example of a linear narrative constituted of causally determined sequence of events.
With the discovery of non-Euclidean geometry, Einstein's theory of relativity, followed by Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, a new wave of thinking arose which was based on the field model of reality. According to the field model, one's framework determines what one observes and we are already within the system we are observing. Such a theorizing was a direct challenge to traditional notions of objectivity and caused ripples both in the arts as well as literature as these ideas percolated directly or indirectly into the cultural matrix.