Table 3

Cultural Tendencies Towards Violence and Peace: A Schematic View

 

Attitudes Towards:	Tendencies Towards Violence:	Tendencies Towards Peace:
Life	Carelessness or Contempt	Reverence
Self	Self-doubt	Self-respect
	Self-negation	Self-affirmation
	Self-hatred	Self-love
Others	Closed	Open
	Exclusionary	Inclusionary
	Indifferent	Compassionate
	Greed	Generosity
	Revengefulness	Forgiving
	Exploitative	Giving
	Sarcasm (at others' expense)	Humor (at one's own expense)
Society	Totalitarian	Communitarian
	Hierarchical	Egalitarian
	Competitive	Cooperative
	Conflict generator	Consensus generator
	Monoculturalist	Multiculturalist
	Ethnocentric	Universalist
Nature	Domination of nature	Preservation of nature
	Ecologically irresponsible	Ecologically responsible
Supernatural	Positivist: letter of the law	Mystical: spirit of the law
	Sectarian	Ecumenical
	Exclusionary god(s)	Inclusionary god(s)
	Transcendence-Immanence	Immanence-Transcendence
Death	Necrophilic	Biophilic
	Glorification	Remembrance

Note: Columns show the dominant cultural policies.k Rows show denial of democratic rights to specific sectors of the population. Switzerland presents a model of a fully integrated multinational, multicultural, multilingual society among Swiss Germans, French, Italians, and Romansh allowing each community their autonomy within a federal, canton system of government. Due to its brevity, the table should be read with some indulgence.