<div align="center"><strong>Bibliography on Language Endangerment, Tasaku Tsunoda, Compiler - Items held by UH System Libraries as of March 2004</strong></div>

[Kevin Roddy writes: This bibliography was originially compiled, and is regularly updated by Tasaku Tsunoda, Professor of Asian and Pacific Linguistics at Tokyo University. He is a specialist in language endangerment, language typology and Australian Aboriginal linguistics. This bibliography is freely available on the Internet.

In an effort to assist the Department of Linguistics at the University of Hawaii, Manoa, I checked the contents of this bibliography using Hawai'i Voyager during the period 17 January - 3 March, 2004. All items in red are those that are not found in any UH System library. Most of the titles below are available at Hamilton Library, though there are a few titles that are available somewhere in the UH System, such as UH-Hilo or at the Community Colleges. Check Hawai'i Voyager for the latest status of the item you want. If the item you want is not available at Hamilton, you may order the item free of charge using the Library's IntraSystem Loan Service. Intra-campus shipping takes approximately one week.

I have corrected most of the typographical errors in titles that would make cataloging searching difficult. I verified and activated all hyperlinks, and used the strikethrough font to mark inoperative URLs as of 3 March as published in Prof. Tsunoda's original text. Omissions that might cause problems searching by title were remedied by inserting the missing word(s) in green.

In an ideal world, UH Libraries would like to provide access to every item on this list. Waning budget allocations for print materials, and the fact that some some materials go quickly out of print work against this goal. Still, many of the classics in this area of linguistics are readily available here at Manoa.

Should you find an item on this list that we don't have, you can 1) recommend it be purchased by the Linguistics Subject Specialist at Hamilton Library; 2) try to obtain the item through Interlibrary Loan; or 3) try contacting the writer to ask for a copy. My experience has been that linguists are very willing to share copies of their work if you make an effort to find the material first, and then ask them directly. Of course, if the scholar is "no longer with us" you may have only have option 2 available.

Please let me know if you have corrections to this list. I will review it occasionally to see if new items have been made available and make corrections. My email address is kroddy@hawaii.edu

Dr. Tsunoda's bibliography begins now. - kr

Bibliography on Language Endangerment

Compiler: Tasaku Tsunoda

Version 1, July 2003

Version of 1 July 2003


This bibliography deals with topics or works such as the following:

  1. general works on language endangerment;
  2. collections of papers on language endangerment;
  3. history of language endangerment;
  4. degree of language endangerment;
  5. language endangerment situations in specific areas of the world;
  6. approaches to language endangerment;
  7. language death;
  8. external facors of language endangerment;
  9. sociolinguistic aspects of language endangerment;
  10. structural changes in endangered languages;
  11. typology of speakers in language andangerment;
  12. language revitalisation: language maintenance and language revival;
  13. value of cultural and linguistic heritage;
  14. language policy, language planning;
  15. role and ethics of researchers, and;
  16. method of documentation.

This bibliography does not contain descriptions or grammars of individual languages, apart from a small number of exceptions.


Abbi, Anvita. 1995. Language contact and language restructuring: a case study of tribal languages in Central India. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 116:175-85.

Abbi, Anvita. 2001. A manual of linguistic field work and structures of Indian languages. Muenchen: Lincom Europa.

Adelaar, Willem F.H. 1991. The endangered languages problem: South America. In Robert H. Robins and Eugenius M. Uhlenbeck (eds.), Endangered languages, 45-91. Oxford and New York: Berg.

Adelaar, Willem F.H. 1998. The endangered situation of native languages in South America. In Kazuto Matsumura (ed.), Studies in endangered languages (ICHEL Linguistic Studies Vol.1), 1-15. Tokyo: Hituji Syobo.

Adelaar, Willem F.H. 2001. Descriptive linguistics and the standardization of newly described languages. In Osamu Sakiyama (ed.), Lectures on endangered languages: 2 - from Kyoto conference 2000 - (Endangered Languages of the Pacific Rim, 2001, C002), 69-80. (For distribution: elpr@utc.osaka-gu.ac.jp.)

Adley-SantaMaria, Bernadette. 1997. White Mountain Apache language: issues in language shift, textbook development, and native speaker-university collaboration. In Jon Reyhner (ed.), Teaching indigenous languages, 129-143. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

Aitchison, J. 1994. Pidgins, creoles, and changes. In R.E. Asher (Editor-in-Chief), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Vol.6:3181-86. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Allen, Shanley E.M. 1996. Aspects of argument structure acquisition in Inuktitut. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Almasude, Amar. 1999. The new mass media and the shaping of Amazigh identity. In Jon Reyhner et al. (eds.), Revitalizing indigenous languages, 117-128. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University. [UHH-LOST]

Alpher, Barry. 1993. Out-of-the-ordinary ways of using a language. In Michael Walsh and Colin Yallop (eds.), Language and culture in Aboriginal Australia, 97-106. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press.

Amery, Rob. 1994. Heritage and second language programs. In Deborah Hartman and John Henderson (eds.), Aboriginal languages in education, 140-62. Alice Springs, Australia: IAD Press.

Amery, Rob. 2000. Warrabarna Kaurna!: reclaiming an Australian language. Lisse: Swets and Zeitlinger.

Andersen, Roger (ed.). 1983. Pidginization and creolization as language acquisition. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.

Andersen, Roger W. 1989. The “up” and “down” staircase in secondary language development. In Nancy C. Dorian (ed.), Investigating obsolescence[:] studies in language contraction and death, 385-394. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Anderson, Stephen R. 1977. On the mechanisms by which languages become ergative. In Charles N. Li (ed.), Mechanisms of syntactic change, 317-63. Austin and London: University of Texas Press.

Anderson, T. 1971. Matanza. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

Anderton, Alice. 1997. The Wordpath Show. In Jon Reyhner (ed.), Teaching indigenous languages, 222-227. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

Annamalai, E. 1998. Language survival in India: challenges and responses. In Kazuto Matsumura (ed.), Studies in endangered languages (ICHEL Linguistic Studies Vol.1), 17-31. Tokyo: Hituji Syobo.

Anonby, Stan J. 1999. Reversing language shift: Can Kwak’wala be revived ? In Jon Reyhner et al. (eds.), Revitalizing indigenous languages, 33-52. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

[Anonymous] 1998. The Huaxyacac (Oaxaca) declaration on adult education for indigenous peoples. In Linda King (ed.) Reflecting visions[:] new perspectives on adult education of indigenous peoples, 217-21. Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Education.

[Anonymous. Gina Cantoni ?] 1996. College and universities summary. In Gina Cantoni (ed.), Stabilizing indigenous languages, 131-32. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

[Anonymous. Gina Cantoni ?] 1996. Journal of Navajo Education. In Gina Cantoni (ed.), Stabilizing indigenous languages, 232-33. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

[Anonymous] 1996. Public Law 101-477 - October. 30, 1990[,] Title I -- Native American Language Act. In Gina Cantoni (ed.), Stabilizing indigenous languages, 69-73. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

Anthropology & Education Quarterly Vol.30, No.1, March 1999. Theme issue[:] Authenticity and identity: Lessons from indigenous language education. Guest editors: Rosemary Henze and Kathryn A. Davis. (This issue contains articles by Rosemary Henze and Kathryn A. Davis; David Welchman Gegeo and Karen An Watson-Gegeo; Beth Dementi-Leonard and Perry Gilmore; Leanne Hinton and Jocelyn Ahlers; Sam L. No’eau Warner; and Liliana Wong.)

Aoki, Haruo. 1972. Horobi yuku kotoba o otte (‘In pursuit of disappearing languages’). Tokyo: Sanseido.

Arnold, Bob; and William Demmert. (Native American Language Policy Group facilitators). 1996. Native American Language Policy Group summary. In Gina Cantoni (ed.), Stabilizing indigenous languages, 43-48. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

Atknine, Victor. 1997. The Evenki language from the Yenisei to Sakhalin. In Hiroshi Shoji and Juha Janhunen (eds.) Northern minority languages[:] problems of survival, 109-21. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology.

Auld, Glenn. 2002. The role of the computer in learning Ndjbbana. Language Learning & Teaching, Vol.6, No.2. (Available at: http://llt.msu.edu/vol6num2/auld/default.html)

Austin, Peter. 1986. Structural change in language obsolescence: some eastern Australian examples. Australian Journal of Linguistics, Vol.6, No.2:201-30.

Australian Advisory Council on Languages and Multicultural Education. 1990. The National Policy on Languages December 1987 - March 1990. Report to The Ministry for Employment, Education and Training.

Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. n.d. Linguistic materials for fieldworkers in Australia. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.

Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 2000. Guidelines for ethical research in Indigenous studies. Available at: http://www.aiatsis.gov.au/news.htm [[Good link: http://www.aiatsis.gov.au/corp/docs/EthicsGuideA4.pdf]]

Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 2002. Guidelines for ethical research in Indigenous studies. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies.

Australian Linguistic Society. 1990. Statement of ethics. Australian Linguistic Society Newsletter 1990, No.4:14.
[[try: http://www.latrobe.edu/rclt/als/]]

Baarda, Wendy. 1994. The impact of the bilingual program at Yuendumu, 1974 to 1993. In Deborah Hartman and John Henderson (eds.), Aboriginal languages in education, 204-213. Alice Springs, Australia: IAD Press.

Baker, Colin. 1993. Foundations of bilingual education and bilingualism. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.

Baldauf, Richard, Jr.; and Allan Luke (eds.) 1990. Language planning and education in Australia and the South Pacific. Clevedon and Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters.

Bamgbose, Ayo. 1993. Deprived, endangered, and dying languages. Diogenes (161) 41,1:19-25.

Bar-Adon, Aaron. 1978. On the role of children in the revival of Hebrew. In William C. McCormack and Stephen A. Wurm (eds.), Approaches to language [:] anthropological issues, 531-52. The Hague: Mouton.

Barnes, Janet. 1984. Evidentials in the Tuyuca verb. International Journal of American Linguistics, Vol.50, No.3:255-71.

Batchelder, Ann; and Sherry Markel. 1997. An initial exploration of the Navajo Nation’s language and culture initiative. In Jon Reyhner (ed.), Teaching indigenous languages, 239-247. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

Batibo, Herman. 1992. The fate of ethnic languages in Tanzania. In Matthias Brenzinger (ed.), Language death[:] factual and theoretical explorations with special reference to East Africa, 85-98. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

Bauman, James A. 1980. A guide to issues in Indian language retention. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.

Bavin, Edith L. 1989. Some lexical and morphological changes in Warlpiri. In Nancy C. Dorian (ed.), Investigating obsolescence[:] studies in language contraction and death, 267-86. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bavin, Edith L. 1992. The acquisition of Warlpiri. In Dan Isaac Slobin (ed.), The crosslinguistic study of language acquisition, Vol.3:309-371. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Beeler, Madison S. 1977. The sources for Esselen: a critical review. In Kenneth Whistler et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 37-45. Berkeley: Berkeley Linguistics Society, University of California.

Bell, Jeanie (ed.) 1982. Language planning for Australian Aboriginal languages. Alice Springs, Australia: Institute for Aboriginal Development.

Bell, Neil. 1982. Central Australian language and literature. In Jeanie Bell (ed.), Language planning for Australian Aboriginal languages, 77-82. Alice Springs, Australia: Institute for Aboriginal Development.

Bennett, Ruth (ed.) 1997. It really works: cultural communication proficiency. In Jon Reyhner (ed.), Teaching indigenous languages, 158-205. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

Bennett, Ruth; Pam Mattz; Silish Jackson; and Harold Campbell. 1999. The place of writing in preserving an oral language. In Jon Reyhner et al. (eds.), Revitalizing indigenous languages, 84-102. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

Bergsland, Knut. 1998. Two cases of language endangerment: Aleut and Sami. In Kazuto Matsumura (ed.), Studies in endangered languages (ICHEL Linguistic Studies Vol.1), 13-47. Tokyo: Hituji Syobo.

Berndt, Ronald M.; and Catherine H. Berndt. 1964. The world of first Australians. Sydney: Ure Smith.

Bickerton, Derek. 1981. Roots of language. Ann Arbor: Karoma Publishers. (Japanese translation published in 1985, by Taishukan Publishing Company, Tokyo.)

Bickerton, D. 1994. Origins and evolution of language. In R.E. Asher (Editor-in-Chief), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Vol.5:2881-83. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Bielenberg, Brian. 1999. Indigenous language codification: cultural effects. In Jon Reyhner et al. (eds.), Revitalizing indigenous languages, 103-112. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

Bin-Sallik, Mary Ann; and Nan Smibert. 1998. Anangu teacher education: an integrated adult education programme. In Linda King (ed.) Reflecting visions[:] new perspectives on adult education of indigenous peoples, 89-110. Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Education.

Black, Paul. 1993. New uses for old languages. In Michael Walsh and Colin Yallop (eds.), Language and culture in Aboriginal Australia, 207-223. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press.

Blake, B.J. 1979. A Kalkatungu grammar. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.

Blake, Barry. 1987. Australian Aboriginal grammar. London: Croom Helm.

Blake, Barry J. 1994. Case. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Blake, B. J. 1994. Australian languages. In R.E. Asher (Editor-in-Chief), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Vol.1:266-73. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Blake, Barry J.; and R.M.W. Dixon. 1991. Introduction. In R.M.W. Dixon and Barry J. Blake (eds.), The Handbook of Australian Languages, Vol.4, The Aboriginal language of Melbourne and other grammatical sketches, 1-28. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.

Blake, B.J.; and R.M.W. Dixon. n.d. [Guideline for] Handbook of Australian Languages. (Unpublished)

Blanc, M. 1994. Bilingualism, societal. In R.E. Asher (Editor-in-Chief), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Vol.1:354-58. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Bloomfield, Leonard. 1927. Literate and illiterate speech. American Speech, Vol.11, No.10:432-39.

Boas, Franz. 1917. Introductory. International Journal of American Linguistics, Vol.1, No.1:1-8.

Bobaljik, Jonathan David; Rob Pensalfini; and Luciana Storto (eds.) 1996. Papers on language endangerment and the maintenance of linguistic diversity (The MIT Working papers in Linguistics Vol.28). Cambridge, MA: Department of Linguistics MIT. [URL: [http://www.terralingua.org/Bibliographies/BiblioMIT.htm]]

Bohnemeyer, Juergn; Christian Lehmann; and Elisabeth Verhoeven. 1994. Situation of the language. (Allgemeine-Vergleichende Grammatik, Arbeitspapier Nr.6). Universities of Bielefeld and Muenchen.

Bord na Gaeilge. 1998. An Ghaeilge[:] the Irish language. Kilala, Ireland: Bord na Gaeilge.

Bouquiax, Luc; and Jacqueline M. C. Thomas. 1992. Studying and describing unwritten languages. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.

Bourke, Colin J. 1980. Aboriginal bilingual education: a case study of schools in the Northern Territory and several states. Clayton, Victoria, Australia: Aboriginal Research Centre, Monash University.

Bowden, Michael. 1994. The Arrernte language program at the Ntyarlke Unit of the Catholic High School[:] Alice Springs. In Deborah Hartman and John Henderson (eds.), Aboriginal languages in education, 66-77. Alice Springs, Australia: IAD Press.

Bowe, Heather. 1997. Language issues relating to the Yorta Yorta land claim. Report submitted on behalf of the claimants in the Native Title case: The members of the Yorta Yorta Aboriginal Community and The State of Victoria & Others in the Federal Court of Australia, VG 6001 of 1995.

Bowe, Heather. 2002. Linguistics and the Yorta Yorta native title claim. In John Henderson and David Nash (eds.) Language in native title (Native Title Research Serries), 101-59. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press.

Bowe, Heather. n.d. Language issues relating to the Yorta Yorta land claim. Unpublishd report. Clayton, Australia: Monash Universtity.

Heather, Bowe. Yorta Yorta Language Heritage.

Bowe, Heather; and Stephen Morey. 1999. The Yorta Yorta (Bangerang) Language of the Murray-Goulburn including Yabula Yabula Canberra: Pacific Linguistics

Bowe, Heather; Lois Peeler; and Sharon Atkinson. 1997. Yorta Yorta Language Heritage. Clayton, Australia: Monash University Department of Linguistics.

Bowerman, Melissa. 1979. The acquisition of complex sentences. In Paul Fletcher and Michael Garman (eds.), Language acquisition: Studies in first language development, 285-305. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bradley, David. 1989. The disappearance of the Ugong in Thailand. In Nancy C. Dorian (ed.), Investigating obsolescence[:] studies in language contraction and death, 33-40. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bradley, David. 1998. Minority language policy and endangered languages in China and Southeast Asia. In Kazuto Matsumura (ed.), Studies in endangered languages (ICHEL Linguistic Studies Vol.1), 49-83. Tokyo: Hituji Syobo.

Bradley, David. 2001. Language attitudes: the key factor in language maintenance. In Osamu Sakiyama (ed.), Lectures on endangered languages: 2 - from Kyoto conference 2000 - (Endangered Languages of the Pacific Rim, 2001, C002), 151-60. (For distribution: elpr@utc.osaka-gu.ac.jp.)

Bradley, David; and Maya Bradley (eds.) 2002. Language endangerment and language maintenance. London: Curzon Press.

Bradshaw, Joel. 1995. How and why do people change their languages ? Oceanic Linguistics, Vol.34, No.1:191-201.

Brenzinger, Matthias. 1992a. Lexical retention in language shift: Yaaku/Mukogodo-Maasai and Elmolo/Elmolo-Samburu. In Matthias Brenzinger (ed.), Language death[:] factual and theoretical explorations with special reference to East Africa, 213-54. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

Brenzinger, Matthias. (ed.) 1992b. Language death[:] factual and theoretical explorations with special reference to East Africa. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

Brenzinger, Matthias. 1997. Language contact and language displacement. In Florian Coulmas (ed.), The Handbook of Sociolinguistics, 273-84. Oxford: Blackwell.

Brenzinger, Matthias. 1998a. Various ways of dying and different kinds of deaths: scholarly approaches to language endangerment in Africa. In Kazuto Matsumura (ed.), Studies in endangered languages (ICHEL Linguistic Studies Vol.1), 85-100. Tokyo: Hituji Syobo.

Brenzinger, Matthias (ed.). 1998b. Endangered languages in Africa. Koeln: Ruediger Koeppe.

Brenzinger, Matthias. 1999. Selection and ranking of endangered languages for documentation. (Paper presented at the expert panel ‘Documentation of Endangered Languages’, held at the University of Bielefeld, Germany, on the 13th and 14th January, 1999.

Brenzinger, Matthias. 2001. Language endangerment through marginalization and globalization. In Osamu Sakiyama (eds.), Lectures on endangered langauges:2 - from Kyoto Conference 2000 - (ELPR Publication Series C002), 91-116. (For distribution: elpr@utc.osaka-gu.ac.jp.)

Brenzinger, Matthias (ed.). Forthcoming. Language diversity endangered. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Brenzinger, Matthias; and Gerrit J. Dimmendaal. 1992. Social contexts of language death. In Matthias Brenzinger (ed.), Language death[:] factual and theoretical explorations with special reference to East Africa, 3-5. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

Brenzinger, Matthias; Bernd Heine; and Gabriele Sommer. 1991. Language death in Africa. In Robert H. Robins and Eugenius M. Uhlenbeck (eds.), Endangered languages, 19-44. Oxford and New York: Berg.

Brown, Penelope; and Stephen C. Levinson. 1992. ‘Left’ and ‘right’ in Tenejapan: Investigating a linguistic and conceptual gap. Zeitschrift für Phonetik, Sprachwissenschaft und Kommunikationforschung Vol.45, No.6:590-611.

Brown, Roger; and Albert Gilman. 1960. The pronouns of power and solidarity. In Thomas A. Sebeok (ed.), Style in language, 253-76. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Bucknall, Gwen and John. 1994. ‘We want to keep that language …’: What is happening with Aboriginal languages in the Aboriginal Independent Community Schools in Western Australia. In Deborah Hartman and John Henderson (eds.), Aboriginal languages in education, pp.257-75. Alice Springs, Australia: IAD Press.

Bunte, Pamela A.; and Martha B. Kendall. 1981. When is an error not an error ? Notes on language contact and the question of interference. Anthropological Linguistics, Vol.23, No.1:1-7.

Burger, Julian. 1998. Indigenous peoples: progress in the international recognition of human rights and the role of education. In Linda King (ed.) Reflecting visions[:] new perspectives on adult education of indigenous peoples, 11-21. Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Education.

Burnaby, Barbara. 1996. Aboriginal language maintenance, development, and enhancement: a review of literature. In Gina Cantoni (ed.), Stabilizing indigenous languages, 22-40. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

Burnaby, Barbara. 1997. Personal thoughts on indigenous language stabilization. In Jon Reyhner (ed.), Teaching indigenous languages, 292-300. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

Burnaby, Barbara; and Jon Reyhner (eds.) 2002. Indigenous languages across the community. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

Buszard-Welcher, Laura. n.d. Can the web help save my language ? (Available at: http://www.potawatomilang.org/Reference/endlgsweb4.htm)

Bynon, Theodora. 1977. Historical linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University.

Calvet, Louis-Jean. 1998. Language wars and linguistic politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Campbell, George L. 2000. Maori. In his Compendium of the world’s languages (Second edition), 1077-80. London: Routledge.

Campbell, Lyle. 1994. Language death. In R.E. Asher et al. (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Vo.4:1960-68. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Campbell, Lyle; and Martha C. Muntzel. 1989. The structural consequences of language death. In Nancy C. Dorian (ed.), Investigating obsolescence[:] studies in language contraction and death, 181-96. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Canagarajah, Suresh (ed.) 2002. Special issue: Celebrating local knowledge on language and education (Journal of Language , Identity and Education Vol.1, No.4).

Cantoni, Gina. 1996a. Introduction. In Gina Cantoni (ed.), Stabilizing indigenous languages, vi-xi. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

Cantoni, Gina (ed.) 1996b. Stabilizing indigenous languages. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

Cantoni, Gina P. 1997. Keeping minority languages alive: the school’s responsibility. In Jon Reyhner (ed.), Teaching indigenous languages, 1-9. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

Cantoni, Gina P. 1999. Using TPR-storytelling to develop fluency and literacy in Native American languages. In Jon Reyhner et al. (eds.), Revitalizing indigenous languages, 53-58. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

Capell, A. n.d. Methods and materials for recording Australian languages. Sydney: Department of Anthropology, University of Sydney.

Capell, A.; and H.E. Hinch. 1970. Maung grammar, texts and vocabulary. The Hague and Paris: Mouton.

Carpenter, Veronica. 1997. Teaching children to “unlearn” the sounds of English. In Jon Reyhner (ed.), Teaching indigenous languages, 31-39. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

Cataldi, Lee. 1990. Language maintenance and bilingual education at Lajamanu School. In C. Walton and W. Eggington (eds.), Language: maintenance, power and education in Australian Aboriginal contexts, 83-87. Darwin: Northern Territory University Press.

Catter, Teresa Valiente. 1998. Youth and adult education and literacy for indigenous peoples in Latin America[:] Guatemala, Honduras, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. In Linda King (ed.) Reflecting visions[:] new perspectives on adult education of indigenous peoples, 53-67. Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Education.

Chambers, J.K. 1979a. Introduction. In J.K. Chambers (ed.), The languages of Canada, 1-11. Montreal: Didier.

Chambers, J.K. (ed.) 1979b. The languages of Canada. Montreal: Didier.

Chelliah, Shobhana L. 2001. The role of text collection and elicitation in linguistic fieldwork. In Paul Newman and Martha Ratliff (eds.), Linguistic fieldwork, 152-65. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Choi, Soonja; and Melissa Bowerman. 1992. Learning to express motion verbs in English and Korean: The influence of language-specific lexicalization patterns. In Beth Levin and Steven Pinker (eds.), Lexical & conceptual semantics, 83-121. Cambridge, MA and Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

Chistensen, Rosemary Ackley. 1996. Written statement. In Gina Cantoni (ed.), Stabilizing indigenous languages, 101-02. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

Christie, Michael. 1994. Yirrkala Community Education Centre and the Laynha homelands schools[:] north-east Arnhem Land, NT. In Deborah Hartman and John Henderson (eds.), Aboriginal languages in education, 117-125. Alice Springs, Australia: IAD Press.

Chung, Sandra. 1978. Case marking & grammatical relations in Polynesian. Austin and London: University of Texas Press.

Clancy, Patricia; Terry Jacobsen; and Marilyn Silva. 1976. The acquisition of conjunction: a cross-linguistic study. Papers and Reports on Child Language Development, Number Twelve, 71-80. Stanford: Department of Linguistics, Standford University.

Clark, Eve V. 1979. Building a vocabulary: words for objects, actions and relations. In Paul Fletcher and Michael Garman (eds.), Language acquisition: Studies in first language development, 149-160. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Clark, Eve V. 1973. How children describe time and order. In Charles A. Ferguson and Dan Isaac Slobin (eds.), Studies of child lanuage development, 585-606. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Clark, Ferlin. 1996. Schools - Developmental Session summary. In Gina Cantoni (ed.), Stabilizing indigenous languages, 127-30. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

Clark, Herbert H. and Eve V. Clark. 1977. Psychology and language: An introduction to psycholinguistics. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

Clarke, Damon. 1996. What my Hualapai language means to me. In Gina Cantoni (ed.), Stabilizing indigenous languages, 92-95. Flagstaff, Arizona: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University.

Clyne, Michael. 1991. Australia’s language policies[:] Are we going backwards ? Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, No.8:3-22.

Clyne, Michael. 1992. Linguistic and sociolinguitic aspects of language contact, maintenance and loss[:] towards a multifacet theory. In Willem Fase, Koen Jaspaert, and Sjaak Kroon (eds.), Maintenance and loss of minority languages, 17-36. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Clyne, Michael. 1994. Australia: minority languages in education. In R.E. Asher (Editor-in-Chief), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Vol.1:264-65. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Comrie, Bernard. 1978. Ergativity. In Winfred P. Lehmann (ed.), Syntactic typology, 329-94. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Comrie, Bernard. 1981. The languages of the Soviet Union. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Comrie, B.; W. Croft; C. Lehmann; and D. Zaefferer. 1993. A framework for descriptive grammars. In Andre Crochetiere, Jean-Claude Boulanger, and Conrad Ouellon (eds.), Proceedings of the XVth International Congress of Linguists, Vol.1:159-70. Sainte-Foy, Canada: Les Presses de l’Universite Laval.

Comrie, Bernard; and Norval Smith. 1977. Lingua Descriptive Studies: Questionnaire. Lingua Vol.42, No.1:1-72.

Cook, Eung-Do. 1979. Central Indian languages. In J.K. Chambers (ed.), The languages of Canada, 54-71. Montreal: Didier.

Cook, Eung-Do. 1989. Is phonology going haywire in dying languages ? Phonological variations in Chipewyan and Sarcee. Language in Society, Vol.18, No.2:235-55.

Cook, Leanne; and Kevin Buzzacott. 1994. Yipirinya School[:] Alice Springs, NT. In Deborah Hartman and John Henderson (eds.), Aboriginal languages in education, 78-91. Alice Springs, Australia: IAD Press.

Cosser, Robina D. 1987. The language of Yarrabah: a teaching handbook. (Unpublished.)

Coteanu, Ion. 1957. Cum dispare o limba – Histroromina (‘How does a language die – Histro-Romanian’). Bucharest: Societatea de Stiinte Filologice din Romania.

Craig, Colette. 1992. A constitutional response to language endangerment: The case of Nicaragua. Language, Vol.68, No.1:17-24.

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(1st version - 22 May 2000. 2nd version - 24 June 2002. 3rd version - 8 November 2002. 4th version - Version of 1 July 2003.)