TRADITION AND DIVERSITY: 
            EUROPEAN CHRISTIANITY TO 1500 IN A WORLD CONTEXT
                       Dr. Karen Louise Jolly

                             CONTENTS

Introduction

Abbreviations

Part One Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy: Foundations of Christianity circa 50-450 C.E.

Chapter 1 Jew and Gentile: Early Origins of Christianity
1.1 Jesus was Jewish: John's story of the Samaritan woman at the well
1.2 The Gospel according to Paul: Jew and Gentile in Galatians 
1.3 Ritual Practice: The baptism ceremony of Hippolytus

Chapter 2 Christian and Roman: Conflict and Assimilation
2.1 Persecution: Dionysius the Wise, Patriarch of Alexandria
2.2 Revelation versus Reason: Tertullian and Clement
2.3 Converting the Empire: Eusebius' account of Constantine and Helen
2.4 Roman versus Christian: The Altar of Victory dispute

Chapter 3 Heterodoxy and Orthodoxy: Defining Heresy
3.1 Syrian Gnosticism: The Book of Thomas the Contender 
3.2 Origenism: The end of the world
3.3 Arianism: Arius and the Nicene Creed 
3.4 Nestorians: Nestorius, Cyril, and Chalcedon

Chapter 4 Life and Death: The Body and Resurrection
4.1 Heroic Martyrdom: Perpetua
4.2 Contemplative Death: Macrina
4.3 Hope of Resurrection: Tomb Inscriptions


Part Two Patterns of Accommodation in Late Antiquity, circa 350-750 

Chapter 5 The Heritage of the Middle Ages
5.1 Creating an Authoritative Bible: Jerome
5.2 The Two Cities: Augustine of Hippo
5.3 Neoplatonic Mysticism: Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
5.4 The Consolation of Philosophy: Boethius

Chapter 6 The Power of Christian Saints: Monks, Relics and Icons 
6.1 Desert Fathers and Mothers: Abba Antony and Amma Syncletica
6.2 The Monastic Exemplar: The Life of St. Benedict and The Rule of St. Benedict
6.3 Relics and Pilgrimage: The Martinellus of St. Martin of Tours
 6.4 Byzantine Worship: The Debate over Iconoclasm

Chapter 7 Adaptations of Christianity Outside the Roman World 
7.1 Saintly Heroes in Ethiopia: The Book of the Saints of the Ethiopian Church
7.2 The Conversion of Nubia: John of Ephesus on Justinian and Theodora's Competition
7.3 Heroic Martyrs in South Arabia: The Women of Najrân
7.4 Nestorian Christians in China: Stele

Chapter 8 Christian Acculturation in Western Europe
8.1 Celtic Christianity and Hermetic Life: St. Columba's Rule 
8.2 Frankish Christianity: Gregory of Tours on Clovis and Clothilde
8.3 Anglo-Saxon Christianity: Bede on Edwin and Ethelberga
8.4 Saxon Missions: Boniface and Leoba


Part Three Christian Society in the Early Middle Ages circa 600-1050

Chapter 9 Christian Kingship and Society 
9.1 Theories of Authority and Power: Pope Gelasius I and Emperor Justinian
9.2 Royal Rituals and Laws: Visigothic Spain
9.3 Christian Emperor: Views on the coronation of Charlemagne
9.4 Christian King: Alfred the Great

Chapter 10 Christian Education and Theology 
10.1 The Carolingian Renaissance: Charlemagne and Alcuin
10.2 Renaissance Theology: John Scottus Eriugena
10.3 Vernacular Learning: Alfred's Program

Chapter 11 Christian Practice and Literature 
11.1 Sermons: Ælfric of Eynsham
11.2 Liturgy: Rites for the Living and the Dead  
11.3 Christian Poetry: The Dream of the Rood
11.4 Christian Drama: Hrotsvit of Gandersheim, Abraham

Chapter 12 Christian Diversity and Accommodation 
12.1 Conversion by Treaty: the Vikings
12.2 Animism and Accommodation: Charms
12.3 Dialogue: The Dispute of the Church and the Synagogue
12.4 Debate: Patriarch Timothy and Caliph Mahdi


Part Four The Spirit of Order and Prophecy circa 1050-1200

Chapter 13 Corporate and Individual Reform
13.1 The Contest: Gregory VII and Henry IV
13.2 Alternatives: Paschal II and Henry V
13.3 Holy Places: the Pilgrim's Guide to Santiago de Compostela
13.4 Holy Women: The Beguine Marie D'Oignies

Chapter 14 Christians, Muslims, and Jews: Views of the Crusades 
14.1 The European view of the Crusades: Pope Urban II's call to the first Crusade
14.2 The Jewish view of the Crusades: Solomon bar Simson and Sefer Zekhirah
14.3 The Islamic view of the Crusades: Usama ibn Munqidh
14.4 Encounter with a Nubian: Robert of Clari on the Fourth Crusade

Chapter 15 Ways of Knowing: Faith and Reason 
15.1 Faith and Reason: Anselm 
15.2 Dialectics: Abelard
15.3 Aristotelianism: Averr"es
15.4 God and Philosophy: Moses Maimonides 

Chapter 16 Individual Diversity: Bernard of Clairvaux and Hildegard of Bingen
16.1 Hildegard on the Church: to priests and popes
16.2 Bernard on the Crusades:  On Christian Knighthood
16.3 Hildegard's Physiology: Causae et Curae
16.4 Bernard's Way of Knowing: On the Song of Songs
16.5 Hildegard's Lyrics: Eucharius


Part Five: New Paths of Order and Prophecy circa 1200-1300

Chapter 17 Orthodox Reform: Popes, Mendicants, and Scholars
17.1 Papal Monarchy: Innocent III and the Fourth Lateran Council
17.2 Franciscan Spirituality: Francis and Clare
17.3 Mendicant Scholarship: Bonaventure
17.4 Intellectual Synthesis: Thomas Aquinas

Chapter 18 Over the Line: Heretics, Inquisitors, and other Radicals 
18.1 Heresy and Inquisition: Waldensians and Albigensians
18.2 Spiritual Franciscans: Na Prous Boneta 
18.3 Political Challenges:  Marsilius of Padua

Chapter 19 Popular Religion: Story and Poetry
19.1 Preacher's Tales: Caesarius of Heisterbach, Jacques de Vitry, Etienne de Bourbon
19.2 Monastic Simplicity: Our Lady's Tumbler
19.3 Popular Saints: The Golden Legend on Thomas Becket
19.4 Great Hymns of the Faith: Veni Sancte Spiritus

Chapter 20 Cross Cultural Exchange: Missions and Dialogue
20.1 Missions to the Mongols: John of Plano-Carpini 
20.2 Buddhist-Christian debate: William of Ruysbruck
20.3 Missions to India and China: John of Monte Corvino
20.4 Dialogue: Ibn Kamm–na 


Part 6: Change and Contact in the Late Middle Ages, c. 1300-1500

Chapter 21 Dissent and Reform in Late Medieval Christendom
21.1 Views of the Papacy: Dante and Petrarch
21.2 The Great Schism and Conciliarism 
21.3 A Lollard view of the Eucharist: Wycliff's Wicket

Chapter 22 Diversity in Christianity: Late Medieval Spirituality
22.1 Contemplative Practice: John of Ruysbroeck
22.2 Anchoress: Julian of Norwich
22.3 Comforting the Condemned: Catherine of Siena
22.4 Divine Wisdom: Saint Gregory Palamas of Byzantium

Chapter 23 Religious Expression: Ritual, Drama, and Story 
23.1 Ritual: The Seven Sacraments explained by Pope Eugene IV
23.2 Drama: The Chester Cycle, The Last Judgment
23.3 Story: Great John in Russia

Chapter 24 Cross-cultural Contact 
24.1 The Black death and Jews: Jean de Venette and Jacob von K"nigshifen
24.2 Meeting other Christians: Travels of Quirini in Norway
24.3 The Imagined World: Mandeville's Travels, on Prester John
24.4 Classifying the Other: Columbus's Journal