GRAECO-ROMAN ORIGINS:
DEMOCRATS AND REPUBLICANS

Themes

Stories
- Homer (c. 725 B.C.E.), Illiad, Troy, Odyssey
- Ovid (43 BCE-Ce 17), King Minos, Cnossos (Crete), the Minotaur, Theseus
Archaeology
- Henrich Schliemann (1822-1890): Troy [Alt Troy]
- Sir Arthur Evans (1851-1941)
- Minoans:
- Michael Ventris (1922-56): Linear A and Linear B
- Mycenae (Pelopponesus):
unraveling the Minoan and Mycenean puzzle
Environment
- Aegean, Crete, Pelopponesus, Asia Minor
- Minos, Knossos; Mycenae, Troy
- sea ____________, mountains ___________
- Hellas =
Development
- Minoans c. 2200-1100 BCE
- Myceneans c. 1600-1100 BCE
- "chaos" c. 1100-750 BCE
- classical Greek polis 800-338 B.C.E.
  - Persian Wars c. 500-479 B.C.E.
  - Pericles leadership 443-429
  - Peloponnesian Wars 431-404
- Hellenistic world (Alexander) c. 323-100 B.C.E.

Stories
- Aeneas, c 1250 BCE (Livy and Vergil, 1st century BCE-1st century CE)
- Romulus and Remus, AUC 1/759 B.C.E., Wolf
- Sabine women; king Numa
- Tarquin the Proud and Lucretia; Brutus
Archaeology
- c. 2000-1200 B.C.E.
- c. 700-550 B.C.E.
- c. 550-475 B.C.E.
- 474 B.C.E. b. of Cumae
- after 475 B.C.E.
Etruscan influence: artifacts
Environment
- Mediterranean, Tiber river, Alps, Rome
- geographic expansion
Development: Pax Romana
- c. 2000 B.C.E.-- migrations
- c. 900-500 Etruscans
- 753 B.C.E. Ab Urbe Condita (Etruscans)
- 509 Republic
- 264-146 B.C.E. expansion into Mediterranean basin
- 1st cen B.C.E. civil war
- 31 B.C.E. creation of Empire

Republican Ideals (Polybius)
Bad Form	Tyranny	Oligarchy	Radical Democracy
	illlegitimate rule by one	rule by the few	mob rule
Good Form	Monarchy	Aristocracy	Constitutional Democracy
	legitimate rule by one	rule by best	rule by majority
Roman office	consuls	senate	assemblies
Roman values	imperium	dignitas	libertas

kjolly@hawaii.edu 8/23/01