The ancient kingdom of Koguryô, at its apogee in the fifth to sixth centuries CE, stretched from what is today Manchuria and the Liaodong Peninsula in China to near Seoul in present day South Korea, to include all of present day North Korea. Its origins are obscure, arising in the narrow mountain valleys that separate China from North Korea and first entering Chinese records as a tribal name during the first century BCE. What is agreed upon is that despite the record of the Samguk sagi, which gives its foundation date as 37 BCE, or about twenty years before that same history’s date for the founding of Silla in the south, Koguryô's emergence was both later (by at least a century), and it was in fact the first unified kingdom to emerge on the Korean peninsula. Military prowess is a traditional descriptive for Koguryô, especially by Koreans, who look back in pride on that kingdom’s defeat of several massive Chinese offensives against it, as well as upon the wide sway of its territorial domain. The historiography of Koguryô is in fact a topic in itself, particularly fascinating considering its ancient borders encompassed what are today varying ethnicities, states, and political ideologies. I am compiling as well a "Bibliography of Koguryô Historiography" which can be reached here. I have included studies of Puyô with those of Koguryô as it is generally assumed that Koguryô did emerge out of that more ancient state. Incidentally, Paekche also had ties to the Puyô state and was possibly formed by Puyô refugees following that state’s demise in 346 CE.
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