NEWS RELEASE URGENT May we provide formal notice of the Millennium March on Fermilab which is scheduled for July 8 and 9, 1999. Run 2 at our Fermi National Accelerator Labortory is to be brought on line according to their newsletter late in the current year. In the journal, Nature, the new main injector of anti-matter will yield," a far higher beam intensity than before." (Maciiwain, C. Fermilab faces up to uncertain future, 13 August 1998 p.611). Thus, even though the vast energies of de Sitter space are fully acknowledged by the world of science, no effort has been made to model the interface between de Sitter space and the presence of those energies now seen as being found only trillionths of a second after the origin of the universe (The Big Bang) from high-energy physics experimentation in the continu um. What is here predicted is the extrusion of the energies of a Type 1a super nova at our Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory as a result of this unthinking plunge into the unknown. In The New York Times (10/30/98), Sciences Times B9 - B10, "Wondering How the World Will End? Some Mordant Thoughts from Physics, " the scientists at Fermilab have replied to me. They indicate that the energy of cosmic rays is a million times greater than those now employed at Fermilab. Alas, they also indicate that the combined impact of the pencil shaped clusters of matter and antimatter which are impacting at the Central Detector at Fermilab are now in the energy range of some millionths of a second after the Big Bang, at the origin of the universe. Early next year, they will add the the new anti-matter injector at Fermilab to push us into the range of Supernova generation from high-energy physics. It is thus the combined effect of these various particles which produces, "the burn," with the production of more interesting events for the scientists looking for the Noble Prize. This reply is, therefore, both childish and irresponsible since clearly they are only trying to confuse the general public regarding their research programme. May we request any assistance you may offer under you concern for Global Security and Sustainability. This concern is centered under the general topic of high-energy physics experiementation - with the Standard Model in physics indicating the possibility of forming a transition towards de Sitter space. Such a transition would release the force of a supernova on our planet. So far we have been able to keep energies of our Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory at 1.8 for the last ten years, from being used to its full capacity at 2.0 TeV (trillion electron volts). Also with the very kind assistance of the Honorable Patsy Mink, House of Representaives United States Congress, we were able to halt the construction of the Superconducting Suppercollider in Texas. Alas with construction of an addition to the ring at Fermilab the energies will be increased to 20 TeV. This increase coming on line by 1999 is a matter of the greatest seriousness. Appended are some letters to Professof Stephen Hawking of Cambridge University. Thank you for your kind attention an consideration in this most grave concern regarding the generation of the greatest energies ever known on our planet earth With greatest respect, Paul W. Dixon, Ph.D. Professor of Psychology Supernova from Experimentation? An important question in high energy physics experimentation, is to establish the likelihood of inititating a transition towards de Sitter space thus releasing the force of supernova upon our earth, the solar system, and a host of nearby stars to the distance of some fifty lightyears. Please review the following exposition for an assessment of this kind of laboratory mischance. Abstract Whereas, quantum tunneling towards de Sitter space is unlikely in one Hubble space-time volume. the penetrance of the potential barrier between de Sitter space and the continuum in a classical sense, is only a function of energy. The final evolutionary stage of collapse of stars having ten or more solar masses, may initiate this transition. The presence of active galactic nuclei, B L Lacertae objects and quasars, where these are found to be monopolar and are observed to be 4 to 5 times larger than bipolar objects, are also seen as intrusional events from de Sitter space in this postulation. Where natural phenomena may cause a transition towards de Sitter spaces it may be possible to cause these same effects with high-energy physics experimentation. Supernovae (SN) Type Ia evidence some 2.5 times greater luminosity than SN Type II, yet originate from objects of approximately one solar mass and show no trace of hydrogen near maximum light. If we are not the only sentient entities extant in the potentially infinite reaches of space and time, and with increased evidence of planetary bodies circling other stars, is the generation of SN Type Ia evidence for high-energy physics experimentation on other planetary bodies? _SUPERNOVAE FROM EXPERIMENTATION? Paul W. Dixon University of Hawaii The article entitled "Supernova 1987A!" which was published in the journal Science on the 6th of May 1988 presents many of the difficulties found in the current model of supernovae production. Mention is made of the problem found with computer models in providing adequate core bounce phenomena. The reflection of the energy of the imploding star never has quite enough energy to come back from a neutron star. black hole or other highly condensate object with the energy observed in the supernova. For those familiar with this vast literature, it may be observed that the findings support one position and then another over time. The "Mysterious Companion" is also mentioned. This is a unipolar relativistic jet phenomenon according to Martin Rees(l) and other authorities. Here also there seems to be no general agreement as to the origin of this phenomenon. (2) A similar "jet" showing faint radio and emission lines is found projecting from the northern boundary of the Crab nebula (here called the "stem") which appears as a neat right cylinder which is lengthening and expanding. (3) This stem is part of the supernova remnant. We may also examine the findings concerned with superluminal flux(4) neighboring SN1987A and quasars and the energetics of quasar formation as well as the phenomena of unipolar relativistic jet phenomena from both quasars and also the larger Seyfert galaxies as related phenomena. It is clear that the source of these very large unipolar events is qualitatively different from that of the smaller bipolar events. These less energetic objects may then be due to high-temperature accretion discs around black holes. pulsars. or other similar objects. The formation of a breach in the potential barrier towards de Sitter space may account for these larger events, given the highly energetic nature of de Sitter space.(6) The only divergence from this generally plausible understanding lies in the largest of all supernovae- These are the Type Ia which are of about one solar masses yet are two to three times larger than the Type II supernovae which are greater by a factor of ten or more in initial mass. In this latter instance mass conversion equations do not yield the deflagration of some trillion or so solar masses as observed in Type la supernovae. Deflagration can be explained by the postulation of the generation of supernovae from an aperture of a certain dimension towards de Sitter space. The current model of Type Ia supernovae formation invokes the accretion of matter onto a white dwarf or similar object within a binary star system. Interestingly, however. there is no sign of hydrogen near maximum light for Type Ia supernovae.(7) Hence. in all cases. the other member of the binary star system would not be of the typical hydrogen dominant composition. This supposition would, therefore. not have great statistical likelihood. Where it is postulated that the increased luminosity of Type la is due to radioactive decay of 56Ni to 56Co,8 the photometrically derived light curve for the elements should show increased luminosity for these species. The elevated pattern of spectral luminosities shown for SN 1981Bc (Type Ia) (9) for all the elements of its composition demonstrates an overall general increase in energetics compared with the other types of supernovae. It has also been observed that Type Ia (to use the recent typology) have homogenous spectra with relatively little variation between the spectra of one and that of the next. The light curves are also distinctly different. The Type Ia supernovae show a steep decline followed by an almost perfect exponential decay extending for some 700 days or so. The light curve of Type II supernovae, for example SN1970g. show a much more complex pattern with visibility extending to approximately 250 days. (10) It is therefore significant to inquire as to what further mechanism would generate sufficient energy to breach the potential barrier towards de Sitter space yet have the smaller initial mass found in supernovae Type Ia. in order to provide the vast flux of energies observed. Since the size of the aperture to de Sitter space will not suffice to explain the difference in size between supernovae Type la and Type II. it may very well be that special conditions such as experimentation by sentient entities much like ourselves may account for these phenomenon.(ll) Please note Figure 1. (Figure 1 will be forwarded to you upon request) Historically, to speculate in this way has led to the classic instance of Friar Giodorno Bruno, 1548 - 1600. who was burnt at the stake for his postulating that space was infinite and there were innumerable inhabited worlds. (12) Progress from the time of this greatest and most famous of the philosophers of the Italian Renaissance to the present. must leave some residue of this early geocentric and anthropocentric bias. We may then in this enlightened era move towards a more universal doctrine of the cosmological ubiquity of life and particularly life which can produce technological development, much as we have done in the last century. In this way we support the general principles of Darwinian and general evolutionary theory which postulate the formation of life from genetic as well as chemical origins. Conceptually we may imagine a number of experiments which we may term Experimentum Secundus. which are of the same description as experiments of the first Type yet with the additional characteristic that there are no survivors there afterwards to observe the results of the experiment. The experiment in progress at the Chernobyl reactor at the time of the accident would be considered an excellent prototype of this kind of experiment. Surely the time has come to carefully consider the possible consequences of constructing ever larger accelerators.(l4) The vast energetics of supernovae Type Ia having origin in approximately one solar mass objects, could have a different source, i.e., an intrusional event from de Sitter space owing to their presence in all types of galactic milieu, the flux of energies produced over a greater time period, and the absence of hydrogen near maximum light. The reappearance of the "mysterious companion" now seen some two light weeks from SN187A would suggest some additional source of energetics. however. Astronomers from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics have detected the object still showing one-twentieth the flux level of the generating supernova. Since this object shows a luminous flux of 5 million solar masses and has one-third the velocity of light, the eiecta from this supernova may have originated in de Sitter space. The marked asymmetry of the envelope of SN1987A, with ratio between minor and major axis of about 2-3, would further indicate a distortion of the envelope due to sources other than pulsar. Of further note according to Costas Papiliolioa and other members of the Harvard - Smithsonian team, is that the major axis of SN1987 is aligned with the position angle of the companion to the supernova. (15) The observed velocity of pulsars ranging to 500 km per second and above is difficult to account for within the symmetrical collapse of the progenitor star or due to the emission of asymmetric magnetic dipole or neutrino radiation. (16) There is no immediately plausible monopolar mechanism which would permit these large velocities. It may be postulated, however, that the intrusional event from de Sitter space may impinge upon the continuum from any point on the surface of the unit sphere. Since this would include all possible directions, both towards and away from the newly formed pulsar, we may assume that the back scatter of this vast flux of energies would have an accelerative effect on the pulsar as well as imparting to the sphere a large rotational velocity and/or oscillatory motion associated with the direction of thrust. Clearly in those instances where the ejectal force from de Sitter space is launched towards the pulsar, the impact would fragment the newly formed spheroid, It would, therefore. be predicted in accordance with this theory that not all supernova remnants would have a surviving pulsar, since supernova generation may destroy the pulsar due to the energetics of deflagration. So far. no pulsar has been detected resulting from SN1987A. This work therefore is concerned with the novel hypothesis of an intrusional event from de Sitter space as an alternative hypothesis to the "central machine" accretion disk orbiting a supermassive (10 to the 8th - 10 to the 9th solar masses ) black hole model of Martin Rees. The observational indices of blazars, optically violent variables seen at normal guasar red shifts, which term is taken here as including B L Lacertae objects. and those quasars which exhibit highly polarized strong emission line spectra are seen to have no characteristic form of blazar variability. Also the spectral index parameters appear to be consistent with relativistic shocks and synchrotron losses. Thus the model is that of a quiescent jet and the cut-off effects being due to shock acceleration in the flow. (17) An observation of blazar intensity having been found to be in one instance an increment of some ten million solar luminosities in one second's duration. "This suggests an inhomogeneous model for the emission region is required. An example is provided by a polarized component with a high-frequency cut-of and second component with a steeper spectral index and no significant polarization, tentatively identified with shock accelerated electrons and a quiescent jet, respectively." It is clear that where the fluxional energetics of the quasar may equal the continuous output of lOO million galaxies with the shock parameter providing additional variation to this output with energetics having variability in the million solar luminosity range, mass conversion equations do not suffice. In other words, more energy is needed. This alternative model must also provide for the finding of increments in luminosity of a quasar sample of .25 magnitude over a seven year observational period. (18) As stated herein, the model put forward by Martin Rees, "...though suggestive, is obscure in its fundamental structure and lacks a direct observational confirmation." It may be noted in this connection that a radiative acceleration of gas to .lOc may be account for broad-absorption-lines in quasars. This mechanism. it is concluded, may serve as an important dynamical process in quasars in general.(20) The general model of universe formation is conceived of as a black hole which has formed in de Sitter space. Topologically, each point in our universe neighbors de Sitter space, though direct penetrance into the continuum is prevented by a large potential barrier. (l9) It is. therefore. following this well known postulation of Willen de Sitter, that it is hypothesized that the greater, unipolar phenomena such as Type I and II supernovae, BL Lacertae objects and Quasars and also transitionally highly energetic phenomena at the center of this galaxy and other similar galaxies, are instances of a breaching of the potential barrier towards de Sitter space. This position is also brought forward by Martin Elvis, (21) who states, "One of the assumptions must be wrong. Either the gas densities are a higher and the C III emission comes from somewhere else; the ionization parameter is large. which would make extra difficulties with the line ratios; or there is a special geometry in the nucleus so that, for example, the gas does not see the same continuum as we do." In conclusion he states. "On the other hand, as the emission-line problem has turned out to be so intractable, researchers are now looking for extra sources of energy in quasars." The model used in my analysis is that of Erez Braun and Mordehai Milgrom. (22) This position is called the Variable Ejection Wind Model (VEW) which has the point of origination in a varying continuum. In this conception, "the variability occurs at ejection (i.e., with variable mass and energy output) the flow being terminal from there on..." In my postulation the gas intrudes as an energy flux in a monopolar jet from the false de Sitter vacuum. Conformal changes via the geometry of the continuum transform this flux into elements of this continuum in a kind of crystallization effect. Braun and Milgrom conclude that, "disk or jet-like geometries are not excluded by the observational data"..."Actually, some authors prefer nonspherical geometries as a conclusion resulting from models of resonance-line scattering (e.g., Turnshek 1988) and the fact that multiple troughs are sometimes observed [Turnshek 1986) One finds for de Sitter space: 1/2(1/Bs + 1/Bd) Sr = - (Bd + Bs)/r - GMS/2Bsr2 + SXr/2Bd - Rd (Please refer to the original reference, some translation has been introduced due to the limitations of email) In the nonrelativistic limit, the terms on the right hand of the equation are the surface tension, the gravitational attraction, the de Sitter repulsion, and the pressure difference. respectively. Several paradoxes must be considered in this connection.- The first paradox concerning the volume of the de Sitter vacuum is resolved when we consider its unusual geometric structure. The false-vacuum of de Sitter space inflates as expected, yet does not move out into the true vacuum region. In fact the domain wall is constantly accelerating towards the false-vacuum region. but the false-vacuum region is inflating so rapidly that the motion of the wall does not prevent it from expanding exponentially.(23) To put this in a more general form we may quote from the recent article of Alan Guth (24) who initiated inflationary cosmology. "One might guess that the gravitational repulsion of the false vacuum would push outward on the bubble wall, so, if the repulsion were strong enough . Not so however, say the equations of general relativity. The gravitational repulsion causes the false vacuum to swell, but the repulsion does not extend beyond the false vacuum. Objects outside the bubble wall are attracted towards the bubble, and the gravitational force on the bubble is inward." The probability of initiating a transition towards the false vacuum would then be of higher value than of initiating a transition towards the energy condition. A transition towards the lower energy condition may still be accomplished, yet it would have a lower probability in the continuum. Penetrance through the domain wall permits the rapid emergence of an exploding universe into the true vacuum region, with its time vector, t , also expanding exponentially until the momentum is adsorbed within the true vacuum region. In quasar energetics, with the continuous extrusion of the energies of 100 million galaxies for some billions of years, this may indicate that it is possible to produce a more permanent rent in the domain wall than is seen in the more transitory perforations found in Supernovae Type Ia. In this way, those difficulties found in accounting for these vast energies would have a ready explanation in the unique properties of the false-vacuum conditions of de Sitter space. The mechanism for this traansition is described by by David Hochberg, Arkady Popov and Sergy V. Sushov. (25) The throat or white hole which is the area of transtition towards de Sitter space, of arbitrarily large variable dimensions, which permits the transfer of energies from one dimension to another, as well as time travel, has been shown to be mathematically understood by these investigators. In this way, the transition towards de Sitter space would permit those vast energies into the continuum. It may also be expected, according to this postulation, where they would exist, would produce a different signature in terms of the end-product than those found in naturally occuring transtions towards de Sitter space, i.e., Type II supernovae. Here it may be noted that the presence of molecular species is greatly attenuated in Type Ia supernovae. These effects are attributed to low gas density and high-ionization fraction in the ejecta. Thus the mass of the molecules formed in Supernovae Ia are may orders of magnitude lower than those found in Supernovae Type II. (26) In connection with the hypothesis of artifical origin for Type Ia supernovae owing to their origin from evolved species, these supernovae must have a uniformly older origin than Type II supernovae. Indeed, careful observations have indicated that: "SNs II are most likely to occur near and sligtly outside the spines of spiral arms, indicating that their progenitors are indeed young massive stars." While on the other hand, "SNs Ia are no more restricted to sprial arms than the rest of the stellar population is >5 x 10 to the 8th yr." This time of origin for Supernovae Type Ia corresponds to the time of our presence on planet earth. The observational evidence reveals the uniform presence of monopolar jets from quasars. These objects are four to five times larger than the bipolar objects. Where the fluxional energetics of these variables is measured in millions of galaxies of luminosity, it would appear plausible to assume that there is a unique and different source of energetics for these larger variables (i.e.. de Sitter space) since there is a dichotomous distinction between Class I and Class II objects. (28) The energetics of supernovae Type Ia, which are of approximately one solar mass, and yet 2.5 times greater in magnitude than Type II supernovae of some 10 solar masses or greater, should then result from a small though highly energetic flux's reading of a more highly energetic region in the continuum of the false de Sitter vacuum. The postulation of intrusional events from other, more highly energetic continnua, is not excluded from this analysis. Should we consider the observations of quasars and related objects as offering a window into the primordial region of de Sitter space, it would appear, perhaps as expected. that this is a region of intense turbulence. of storm-like aspect, which may upon occasion form a condensation that is universe formation. The decay of universe rotation through shear effects due to the topological embeddedness of the continuum in de Sitter space is seen in Oyvind Gron & Harald H. Soleng. (29) It may then be in error to presume that de Sitter space is a static creation of invariant action but may instead be, according to these observations, a region of dynamic action and hence interaction with the continuum. Commonsense tells us that as we continue to probe towards energies observed some trillionths of a second subsequently to the origin of this universe, we may enter into dimensional energetics intrinsic to the Einstein de Sitter Universe. Paul W. Dixon College of Arts and Sciences University of Hawaii at Hilo Hilo. Hawaii 96720 U.S A References and Notes 1. Rees, M.J. Nature 328, 207, (1987) 2. Phinney. E. S. Nature 331. 566 -568, (1988) 3. Morrison. P. M. and Roberts. D. Nature 313, 661-662 (1985) 4. Pauliny-Toth, I.I.K.. Porcas, R.W.. Zensus, J.A., Kellerman, K. I., Nicolson. G. D., and Mantovani. F. Nature, 328, 778-782 (1987), Sunteff, N.B., Heathcote, S., Weller, W.G. Caldwell, N., Huchra, J.P., Olowin. R. P. & Chambers. K. C. Nature 334, 135-138 (1988) 5. Wills. B. J. Nature 313. 741 (1985) Elvis, M. Nature 328. 762-763 (1987) 6. Gott, R. Nature 295, 304-307 (1982) Perry, M. Nature 320, 679 t1986) 7. Takahashi, Y., MiyaJi, S., Parnell, T. A. Weiskopf, M.C., Hayashi, T. and Nomoto, K. Nature, 321, 839-841 (1986) 8. Woosley, S.E. and Weaver, T.A. Annual reviews of astronomy and astrophysics, 24, 205-253,(1986) 9. Wheeler, J.C. and Harkness, R.P. Scientific American. 257, 56-57 (1987) 10. Kirshner, R.P. Scientific American, 235, 88-88, (1976) 11. Rees, M.J. and Stoneham, R. Supernovae: A survey of current research, Kluwer Academic, Hingdom, Mass.(1982). Worlds within the atom, Natl Geographic 167, 634-663 (1985) 12. Michel, P.M. The cosmology of Giordano Bruno. Methuen,London (1973) trans. Maddison. R.E.W. 13. CorresPondence from V. Trimble, C. Rubbia, I. Pauliny Toth, and S. Hecker as well as correspondence from the heads of state of Great Britain, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain. Sweden. Switzerland, United States and Poland has been received in this connection. This correspondence is to be placed in a suitable archival repository, i.e., the British Museum and the Library of Congress. Copies of this correspondence available upon request. 14. Lindley, D. Nature 337, 595 Waldrop, M.M. Science 243, 892 (19B9) 15. Papaliolos, C., Karovska, M.. Koechlin, L., Niseson. P., Standley, C. & Heathcote, S. Nature 338, 565-566 (1989) Science News, Honolulu Star Bulletin & Advertiser, E-4 April 2, (1989) 16. Pskovsky, Yu. P. & Dorofeev. O. F. Nature 340, 701 (1989) 17. Ballard, K. R., Mead. A. G. R.. Brand, P. W. J. L. & Hough, J. H. Mon Not. R. Ast. Soc. 243, 640-655 (1990) 18. Cristiani. S., Vio, R., & Andreani, P. The Astronomical Journal, 100, 56-59 (1990) l9. PerrY. M. J. Nature, 320, 679 (1986). 20. Arav, N., Kovista, K. T., Barlow, T. A., & Begelman. M. C. Nature, 376, 576-578 (1995) 21. Elvis, M., Nature. 328, 762 (1987) 22. Braun, E. & Milgrom M. The AstrophYsical Journal. 349. L35-L38 (1 ssn ) 23. Blau. S. K.. Guendelman. E. I., & Guth, A. H. Physical Review D. Particle and Fields, 3, 1747-1766 (1987) 24. Burns, J. 0. Astronomy, 18, 28-37 (1990) 25. Gron. 0. & Soleng, H. H. Nature, 328, 501-503 (1987) Journal. 100. 56-59 (1990) 19. PerrY. M. J. Nature, 320. 679 (1986). 20. Arav, N., Kovista, K. T.. Barlow. T. A., & Begelman. M. C. Nature. 376. 576-578 (1995) 21. Elvis, M.. Nature, 328, 762 (1987) 22. Braun, E. & Milgrom M. The AstrophYsical Journal. 349. L35-L38 01 ssn ) 23. Blau. S. K., Guendelman, E. I.. & Guth. A. H. Physical Review D. Particle and Fields, 3, 1747-1766 (1987) 24. Guth, A. Astronomy, 25, 9, 56 (1997) 25. Hochberg, D. Popov, A. Sushov, S. V., Physical Review Letters, 78, 2050-2053 (1997) 26. Liu, W. The Astrophysical Journal, 479: 907-911 (1997) 27. McMillan, R. J., Ciardullo, R. The Astrophysical Journal, 473: 707-712 (1996) 28. Burns, J. 0. Astronomy, 18. 28-37 (1990) 29. Gron. 0. & Soleng, H. H. Nature, 328, 501-503 (1987) 30. Woosley, S. E. The Astrophysical Journal, 476: 801-810. (1997) The uncertaintes associated with the accreting carbon-oxygen white dwarf deflagration as mechanism for Type Ia supernovae are indicated here. This accretion process must be of a slow nature, it is shown here, yet this would not be the case for the coalescence of two white dwarfs or other highly condensate objects. The more likely slow form of accretion, would be through the accretion of Roche lobe matter in a binary formation. In a statistical sense, in the know universe, this should be from a hydrogen rich stellar companion. Fig. 1 The relative energies of Fermilab and Type II supernovae are plotted showing the possible coincidence of threshold values for generation of supernovae. The line x, y and the angle are at variable points of intersection and variable angle of incidence. 8 September 1997 Professor S. W. Hawking CH CBE FRS Lucasian Professor of Mathematics Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge Silver Street Cambridge, England CB3 9EW Dear Professor Hawking: Your very kind letter of 6 September 1995 has been received as well as subsequent correspondence. Your great courtesy in responding to these most humble letters of inquiry has most greatly honored us. As mentioned in previous correspondence, should we postulate ontological status to the possibility of intrusional events from the false de Sitter vacuum within this continuum. then further evidence both mathematical and observational. may be found in the literature of physics. In a recent article (Cooking Up A Cosmos Astronomy, September 1997. Vol 25. No. 9, page 56) from Alan Guth. he describes the effects of the false vacuum in the following paragraph which is found therein: "One might guess that the gravitational repulsion of the false vacuum would push outward on the bubble wall. so, if so the repulsion were strong enough, the bubble would start to grow. Not so however, say the regulations of general relativity. The gravitational repulsion causes the false vacuum to swell, but the repulsion does not extend beyond the false vacuum. Objects outside the bubble wall are attracted toward the bubble, and the gravitational force on the bubble is inward. The probability of initiating a transition towards the false vacuum would then be of higher value than the probability of initiating a transition towards the lower energy condition. A transition towards the lower energy condition may still be accomplished, yet it would have a lower probability value in the continuum. The point of initiation, in this hypothesis. of supernovae generation has been in the development of high-energy physics facilities. In this connection continuing efforts are being maintained in CERN. The date set for this development is now 2005, with the first construction of the 14 TeV Large Hadron Collider being advanced with contributions from the United States, Japan and Russia with further contributions from Canada, India and Israel now planned, thus accelerating this rush towards completion. (Maurice Jacobs, US, Europe Reciprocate Scientifically and Financially on LHC. Other Big Science Projects, Physics Today! August (1997) Vol. 50. 8, 1, Page 15 & 80) Since this is a matter of such overwhelming importance to all of us may we very humbly request a fair hearing of this matter. So far, there has been no discussion of this matter in the scientific literature. Should this conjecture prove unfounded, then no harm will accrue to us through this discussion. If, on the other hand, there is a basis in fact for this concern. everyone will be greatly benefitted through this discussion. Your kind thoughts and understanding in all these matters are most gratefully appreciated. All Best Wishes. Your friend. With greatest respect. Paul W. Dixon, Ph.D. Professor of Psychology 8 July 1997 Professor S. W. Hawking CH CBE FRS Lucasian Professor of Mathematics Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge Silver Street Cambridge, England CB3 9EW Dear Professor Hawking: Your very kind letter of 6 September 1995 has been received as well as subsequent correspondence. Your great courtesy in responding to these most humble letters of inquiry has most greatly honored us. Should we postulate ontological status to the possibility of intrusional events from the false de Sitter vacuum within this continuum. then further evidence for this postulation both mathematical and observational, may be found in the literature of physics. In a recent article entitled, "Early Spectra of SUPERNOVA 1993J in M81" (Astron J. 108 (3) (1994) p. 1006) it is indicated, " The observed drop in H alpha flux inserted in this model implies a zero radius for the progenitor at March 29.5 regardless of the expansion velocity assumed. This is clearly unphysical." It may be possible to invoke an alternate explanatory framework for energy of deflagration. This would be a transition towards de Sitter space. In this way the zero radius (or some close approximation thereof) would be understood as a Possible physical Phenomenon. Some additional results from a survey of the Physics literature may now be brought forward. The throat of arbitrarily large variable dimensions which permits transfer of energies from one continuum to another. as well as time travel, has been shown to be mathematically understood by David Hochberg, Arkady Popov and Sergey V. Sushkov, (1997). fSelf-consistent wormhole solutions of semiclassical gravity, Physical Review Letters. 78, 2050-2053! In this way, the transition towards de Sitter space would permit the intrusion of those great energies, mentioned in previous correspondence, into the continuum. It may also be expected, according to this postulation, that the effects of high-energy physics experimentation where they exist would produce a different signature in terms of the end-product than those found in naturally occurring transitions towards de Sitter space, i.e., Type II supernovae. Here it may be noted that the presence of molecular species is greatly attenuated in Type Ia SUPERNOVA. (Liu, W. (1997) Molecules in Type Ia supernovae. The Astrophysical Journal, 479:907-911) These effects are attributed to low gas density and high-ionization fraction in the ejecta. Thus the masses of the molecules formed in SNe Ia are many orders of magnitude lower than those found in SNe II. In connection with the hypothesis of artificial origin for Type Ia SUPERNOVA, these supernovae must have a uniformly older origin than Type II supernovae. Indeed, careful observations have indicated that, "SNs II are most likely to occur near and slightly outside the spines of spiral arms, indicating that their progenitors are indeed young massive stars." While on the other hand,"SNs Ia are no more restricted to spiral arms than the rest of the stellar population, and therefore their age is >5 x 10 to the eighth yr." (McMillan. R. J., Ciardullo, R. (1996) Constraining the ages of SUPERNOVA progenitors. I. Supernovae and spiral arms. The Astrophysical Journal. 473:707-712.) This age for Type Ia supernovae corresponds to the time of our presence on planet earth. The uncertainties associated with the accreting carbon-oxygen white dwarf deflagration as mechanism for Type Ia supernovae are indicated in "Neutron-rich nucleosynthesis in carbon deflagration supernovae (Woosley, S. E. (1997) The Astrophysical Journal, 476:801-810) Of particular note, is the absence of hydrogen at time of maximum light for Type Ia supernovae. This accretion process, as shown in this article, must be of a slow nature which would not be the case should the mechanism be the coalescence of two white dwarfs or other highly condensate ponderable bodies. The more likely ? slow form of accretion. would be through the accretion of Roche lobe matter in a binary formation. In a statistical senses in the known universe, this should be from a hydrogen rich stellar companion. Since this is a matter of such overwhelming importance to all of us, may we very humbly request a fair hearing of this matter. So far. there has been no discussion of this matter in the scientific literature. Should this conjecture prove unfounded, then no harm will accrue to us through this discussion. If. on the other hand, there is a basis in fact for this concern, everyone will be greatly benefitted through this discussion. All of the children will thank you for your kind efforts and all of the future generations of mankind will bless you for your illustrious generosity and wisdom. My original conjecture was that there must be some overwhelming reason why these hypothetical civilizations should, under this postulation, uniformly and cosmologically find their demise in TYPE Ia supernova deflagration. and that this causal factor would be essentially irrevocable in the course of these civilizations' progression towards their doom. It is, indeed, revealing that no matter what inducements of species survival. need for democratic discussion, and the progress of science in the pursuit of truth are brought forward over a twenty year period, that none of these most worthy reasons have so far Prevailed. Would the best administration of science policy be restrained by wisdom both gentle and humane? Your kind thoughts and understanding in all these matters are most gratefully appreciated. All Best Wishes, Your friend, With greatest respect, Paul W. Dixon, Ph.D. Professor of psychology