Selected Library of Congress Rule Interpretations for Chapter 24
24. 1 General Rule
24.1
When the name of an individual performer appears in conjunction with the name of a performing group, ordinarily do not consider the person's name to be part of the name of the group, in the absence of evidence to the contrary.
On item: J.D. Crowe and the New South
Corporate heading: 110 2# $a New South (Musical group)
On item: Artie Shaw and his orchestra
No corporate heading (body is unnamed; cf. 21.1B1)
See also LCRI 21.23C, LCRI 21.29D.
Ambiguous Entities
Treat the ambiguous entities (entities that could be treated as either name headings or subject headings) listed below as general corporate bodies and establish them under the provisions of chapter 24, AACR2, tagging them as X10.
Airplanes, Named
Airports
Almshouses
Aquariums, Public
Arboretums
Artificial satellites
Bars
Biological stations
Boards of trade (Chambers of commerce)
Botanical gardens
Cemeteries
Chambers of commerce
Concentration camps
Concert halls
Country clubs
Crematories
Dance halls
Ecological stations
Factories
Funeral homes, mortuaries
Refers only to these entities when need as main or added entries.
Forests, parks, preserves, etc.
Halfway houses
Herbariums
Hotels
Markets
Morgues
Motels
Night clubs
Nursing homes
Old age homes
Opera houses
Orphanages
Planetariums
Plans (Programs)
Poorhouses
Port authorities
Projects
Railroads
Research stations
Restaurants
Sanitariums
School districts
Service stations
Ships
Shipyards
Space vehicles
Stores, Retail
Studies (Research projects)
Tribes (as legal entities only)
Undertakers
Zoological gardens
Special Letter/Symbol
If the form of name selected as the heading includes a Greek letter or a letter or symbol used to indicate a trademark, a patent, copyright, etc., follow the guidelines in LCRI 1.0E.
Punctuation/Spacing
These guidelines appear also in LCRI 1.0C.
1) Quotation marks. If the form of name selected as the heading includes quotation marks around an element or elements of the name, retain them (cf. example in rule 24.7B4). Use American-style double quotation marks in the heading, instead of other forms of quotation marks.
2) Initials. If the form of name selected as the heading consists of or contains initials, regularize the spacing and put one space after an initial that is followed by a word or other element that is not an initial and no space after an initial that is followed by another initial consisting of one letter.
source: F&H Denby
heading: 110 2# $a F & H Denby
source:
heading: 111 2# $a U.S.D.A. Symposium ...
source: B B C Symphony …
heading: 110 2# $a BBC Symphony ...
3) Abbreviations.
Precede or follow initials consisting of two or more letters with a
space, e.g., "
source: Dirección de la Energía//Div.
Estadística//Secc. Información
heading: 110 1# $a Buenos Aires (Argentina : Province). $b Dirección de la Energía. $b Div. Estadística. $b Secc. Información
4) Place name at end. If the form of name selected as the heading includes a place name at the end and the place is enclosed within parentheses or is preceded by a comma-space, retain in the heading the punctuation as found.
110 2# $a
5) Numerical or alphabetical designation. When the name of a body consists of both a numerical or alphabetical designation and words indicating the body's function, include both in the heading for the body. Separate the two parts with a dash.
source: Abteilung V - Vermessungswesen
heading: 110 2# $a [Parent body]. $b Abteilung V–Vermessungswesen
source: Social and Economic Sciences (Section K)
heading: 110 2# $a [Parent body]. $b Social and Economic Sciences-Section K
source: Sub-task Force I, Gas Dissolved in Water
heading: 110 2# $a [Parent body]. $b Sub-task Force I–Gas Dissolved in Water
6) Dash or hyphen. If the form of name selected as the heading includes a dash or a hyphen that sets off a data element (usually a place name), regularize the punctuation by using a dash (two hyphens) without spacing on either side.
source: University of Nebraska–Lincoln
heading: 110 2# $a
source: Centro abruzzese di ricerche storiche - Teramo
heading: 110 2# $a Centro abruzzese di ricerche storiche–Teramo
7) Year in conference name. If the form of name of a conference selected as the heading contains an abbreviated or full form of a year, regularize the spacing by insuring that one space precedes the year regardless of the configuration of the year (e.g., use of an apostrophe or other character as a substitute for a portion of the year; the full form of a year combined with another element without spacing).
source: CDS2000
heading: 111 2# $aCDS 2000 ...
source: CP 2000
heading: 111 2# $aCP 2000 ...
source: CP98
heading: 111 2# $aCP 98 ...
source: ECOOP'99 SCM-9 Symposium
heading: 111 2# $aECOOP '99 SCM-9 Symposium ...
8) Series of words. Add a comma to a series of words appearing in an English-language name except before an ampersand.
Airports
Before August 1996, airports were established as geographic names under the provisions of chapter 23 AACR2, tagged X51. After July 1996, establish airports under the provisions of chapter 24, AACR2, tagged X10. If the name of the airport does not include the name of the place it serves, add the appropriate local place name qualifier. Do not make a reference through the local place in which the airport is located.
LC practice: Headings for airports existing in the name authority and bibliographic databases will be revised as a project by the Cataloging Policy and Support Office (CPSO), but revise existing headings needed in current cataloging as encountered.
110 2# $a
110 2# $a
110 2# $a Shin
110 2# $a
110 2# $a
Cemeteries
Before August 1996 cemeteries were established either as name or subject headings, tagged X51. After July 1996 establish all cemeteries as name headings, tagged X10.
LC practice: Headings for cemeteries existing in the subject authority file will be converted to name headings as a project by CPSO. CPSO will also revise existing name authority and bibliographic records as a project, but revise existing headings needed in current cataloging as encountered.
Establish cemeteries according to the provisions of chapter 24, AACR2. Qualify the name of the cemetery with the name of the local geographic place in which it is located, i.e., city, county, etc., even if the cemetery is national, state, provincial, etc., in character. (Revise existing headings that do not reflect this policy when such headings are needed in current cataloging.) Do not make a reference through the place in which the cemetery is located.
110 2# $a
110 2# $a Cimetière de Champeaux (
110 2# $a
110 2# $a Cmentarz Ewangelicko-Augsburski w Warszawie
(
110 2# $a
Necrópolis Cristóbal Colón (Havana, Cuba)
Concentration Camps
Before August 1996, concentration camps were established either as name or subject headings, tagged X51. After July 1996, establish all concentration camps as name headings, tagged X10.
Establish concentration camps according to the provisions of chapter 24, AACR2. Construct headings based upon information found on items issued by the body or information found in authoritative reference sources. Do not routinely construct the name of a concentration camp to reflect solely the local place name. If the form of the heading cannot be determined from reference sources, use the form as found in the item being cataloged. Qualify the heading for a concentration camp that consists solely of the name of a place with "(Concentration camp)." (Revise existing headings and associated bibliographic records that do not reflect this policy when such headings are needed in current cataloging. Do not retain the post-1980, pre-August 1996 heading as a reference, unless it is a valid AACR2 reference.) Do not make a reference through the local place in which the concentration camp is located.
LC practice: Convert headings for concentration camps existing in the subject authority file to name headings as needed. In converting subject authority records to name authority records, copy the subject authority record into the name authority file. Add the control number of the subject authority record as a 010$z; revise the form of heading and the tagging; evaluate existing references (revise or delete),
Note that the order of fields when copying a subject authority record differs from the traditional order of fields for name authority records. Do not reorder the fields.
add additional references as appropriate, delete any 550 fields; retain any 670 field(s) as is (including "Work cat." preceding the citation), add a 670 field that justifies the heading chosen (item being cataloged or LC database citation); and change FFD 8 to value n, code FFD 12 as appropriate, and add the cataloger's code in FFD 25. Submit a proposal to delete the record from the subject authority file to the Subject Headings Editorial Team, Cataloging Policy and Support Office in accordance with procedures in Subject Headings Manual H 193, section 11, and H 193.5. (NACO libraries: Submit the proposal to Cooperative Cataloging Team, Regional and Cooperative Cataloging Division.)
110 2# $a
410 2# $a Konzentrationslager Auschwitz
410 2# $a KL Auschwitz
110 2# $a Konsentrasiekamp te Bethulie
410 2# $a Bethulie (Concentration camp)
110 2# $a Nēsos Gyaros
410 2# $a Gioura (Concentration camp)
Plans, Programs, and
Projects
Treat plans, programs, and projects as corporate bodies whether or not they have a staff.
Do not consider that headings for entities with these words in their names need the addition of a qualifier that conveys the idea of a corporate body (cf. 24.4B).
Forests, Parks,
Preserves, Etc.
When a forest, park, preserve, etc. (commonly a unit of the United States National Park Service or the United States Forest Service), is needed as a main or added entry on a bibliographic record because the forest, park, preserve, etc., has some responsibility for the intellectual content of the item, create a name authority record for the forest, park, preserve, etc., under its name as a corporate body and qualify the name with "(Agency)."
110 2# $a
410 1# $a
110 2# $a
410 1# $a
24.2.
Variant Names. General Rules
Minor Changes of Name
In the absence of explicit evidence that a true name change has taken place, consider that different usages found in publications are variants of one another, rather than true name changes -- whenever the difference is a minor one defined as follows:
A difference is minor if the existing heading and the name in the publication being cataloged differ only in one or more of the ways below.
1) the representation of words (abbreviation, acronym, initialism, or symbol and the spelled out form; two different spellings of the same word; a word in the form of a single word and in the form of a compound);
2) a change in a preposition, article, or conjunction;
3) change in punctuation.
N.B. For headings satisfying these conditions, if the heading has already been treated as a name change, however, with multiple headings in use consequently, do not collapse these into one heading, unless there is additional, explicit evidence that only variant names are involved.
Proposed Bodies
If a heading is needed for a proposed body, use the name found in the available sources.
If the body is actually established later and the established name differs from the proposed name, use the established name in the heading and treat the proposed name as a variant form.
University Libraries
Named for Persons
Universities of North America frequently have main library buildings named in honor of someone, e.g., "The Joseph S. Regenstein Library of the University of Chicago," while the library complex itself is called by a generic term instead of the honorific, e.g., "The Libraries of the University of Chicago." When the distinction between the building's name and the library's name can be made in this way, use the library's name as the basis for the heading even if it can be found only off the chief source or outside the item. Limit research, however, to the most obvious reference sources.
24.2B.
If the name of a corporate body appearing in the chief source would require (according to
24.4B) the addition of a qualifier while a variant form appearing elsewhere in the item would not require such a qualifier, nonetheless use in the heading the form found on the
chief source.
title page:
verso of t.p.: Aurora, Inc.
heading: Aurora (Firm)
Note that if one of the varying forms is in a copyright statement, it has second-class status in all situations, whether or not it or the competing form is on the chief source. This is because a form in the copyright statement, if it differs, is almost certainly an official form, the last choice under 24.2D.
24.2D.
If in a body's publications its full form of name and its initials both appear formally in the same source, choose the full form for use in the heading. (Change the heading if later evidence shows a clear pattern of predominant usage that differs from the heading chosen.)
When a corporate name must be established for an item not issued by the corporate body, treat the item being cataloged as a reference source. If the item provides both the body's full form of name and its initials, choose the full form for use in the heading (even if the initials appear prominently and the full form does not).
If variant forms appear formally in chief sources of the body's publications, choose the predominant form. If an initial form (including an acronym) appears prominently, check the authority file to see if there is a reference or a heading for another body already under the same initials. If there is, this means the initials do not "differentiate" and thus the full form must be adopted as the AACR2 form.
24.3.
Variant Names. Special Rules
24.3A. Language
Do not apply the alternative rule found in footnote 7 to rule 24.3A.
If the name of a corporate body appears on its publications in different languages, apply the following:
1) If one of these is in the official language of the body, use it.
2) If the body has two or more official languages, one of which is English, use the English form.
3) If the body has two or more official languages, none of which is English, use the form in the language predominantly used in items issued by the body.
4) If the official language of the body is not known, use the form in the official language of the country in which the body is located if the country has a single official language.
5) If categories 1)-4) are not applicable, use the English, French, German, Spanish, or Russian form, in that order of preference. If none of these applies, use the form in the language that comes first in English alphabetic order.
If the body is an international one and its name appears in English in formal presentations in the chief sources of its own items, use the English form (24.3B1). If there is no English form, apply the provisions above.
If the name of a corporate body appears on its publications in one language form, construct the heading in the official language of the body (for nongovernment bodies) or official language of the country (for government bodies) whenever the official language is known and publications with the official language form are likely to be received. Take the name from a reliable reference source when the name in the official language does not appear in the body's publications. If the form in the official language is not available from a reliable reference source, use the form that is available and mark the heading "provisional." Change the heading when the official language form becomes known. If the official language is not known or there is doubt about the official language or it is unlikely that a publication with the official language form will ever be received, use the form appearing on the body's publications. Do not mark the heading "provisional."
24.4.
Additions
24.4B. Names not conveying the idea of a corporate body.
Art Galleries
If the name of an art gallery needs a general designation qualifier and 24.5C is not applicable, use the term "(Gallery)" as a qualifier rather than a more specific term such as "(Art gallery)." (Do not use "(Gallery)" as a qualifier for an art museum needing a general designation qualifier.) Note: Do not change existing AACR2-coded headings for art galleries solely to conform to this directive.
Consultant Firms
If the name of a consultant firm consists solely of subject words and the word "consultants" (or its equivalent in other languages), add a 24.4B-type qualifier to the name (unless 24.5C is applicable). Do not add such a qualifier if the name contains other elements.
110 2# $a Hospital Maintenance Consultants (Firm)
Initialisms and Acronyms
If the name chosen for the heading for a corporate body is an initialism or acronym written in all capital letters (with or without periods between them), add a qualifier to the name (unless 24.5C is applicable). Generally do not add such a qualifier when the capitalized form is used in a see reference, unless it is required to break a conflict with the 1XX heading on another record, cf. LCRI 26.1.
110 2# $a CAST (Group)
410 2# $a C.A.S.T.
111 2# $a CAV (Conference)
Multiple Qualifiers
If the name is eligible for another qualifier (as when the name conflicts or when the body is a directly entered government agency that is not an institution), add the qualifier called for in this rule first. Separate the qualifiers by a space-colon-space.
110 2# $a Red Sea (Restaurant :
110 2# $a BANAS (Organization :
Performing Groups
In dealing with performing groups, apply the following:
1) If the name contains a word that specifically designates a performing group or a corporate body in general (e.g., band, consort, society) or contains a collective or plural noun (e.g., Ramblers, Boys, Hot Seven), do not add a designation to the name.
2) If the name is extremely vague, consisting primarily of single, common words (e.g., Circle, Who, Jets) or the name has the appearance of a personal name (e.g., Jethro Tull), add a designation to the name.
3) If the name falls between the above categories (e.g., Led Zeppelin, Jefferson Airplane, Road Apple, L.A. Contempo), add a designation to the name.
4) If there is doubt whether a designation should be added, add it.
Use the designation "(Musical group)" unless special circumstances (such as a conflict) require a more specific term.
Duos
For performing duos, do not add a general designation as a qualifier if the name contains two surnames (with or without forenames or forename initials) or if the name contains two forenames.
110 2# $a Ferrante and Teicher
Ships
LC practice: When establishing a heading for a ship, add an appropriate designation in English as a qualifier if the name alone does not convey the idea of a corporate body. For powered vessels, the appropriate designation is (Ship). If there is more than one powered vessel with the same name, add a more specific term to each to resolve the conflict.
110 2# $a Ulua (Ship)
(Unique heading; qualifier added to clarify the meaning of the heading)
110 2# $a
110 2# $a
(Two ships of the same name but each of a different type)
110 2# $a
110 2# $a
(Two aircraft carriers with the same name)
For sailing vessels, the appropriate designation is the type of rigging. The term "ship" as applied to sailing vessels is a particular rigging and therefore is not always appropriate. If there is more than one sailing vessel with the same name and the same rigging, add an additional qualifier (e.g., dates of existence, date launched, date ceased, port) to resolve the conflict. If the particular rigging is unknown, use the term (Sailing vessel).
110 2# $a Rachel Ann (Sloop)
110 2# $a Annawan (Brig : 1841-1859)
510 2# $w b $a Annawan (Bark)
(Vessel built as a brig in 1841; altered to a bark in 1859; lost at sea 1873)
110 2# $a Annawan (Brig : 1823-1839)
(Vessel built in 1823; lost at sea in 1839)
110 2# $a
(Vessel built at Baltimore in 1830; lost in Arctic Ocean in 1888)
110 2# $a Discovery (Ship : Launched 1789)
(Merchant ship launched Dec. 19, 1789)
110 2# $a Centurion (Ship :
(Work in hand refers to the vessel as being of
110 2# $a Maria (Ship : Active 1799)
(Work in hand is a ship's receipt dated 1799)
110 2# $a
(Vessel built in 1809; sold and broken up in 1858)
110 2# $a
510 2# $w b $a
(Vessel built in 1820; converted to bark in 1851; lost at sea 1858)
110 2# $a
(Vessel built in 1836; lost 1839)
110 2# $a
510 2# $w a $a
(Vessel built in 1820; converted to bark in 1851; lost at sea 1858)
Update existing records not formulated according to these guidelines only when needing to resolve a conflict.
Sports Teams
If the name of a sports team does not explicitly convey the information that the entity is a sports team, add a qualifier to the name. Include in the qualifier the term "team" following the name of the sport.
110 2# $a Miami Dolphins (Football team)
110 2# $a Chicago Blackhawks (Hockey team)
If the team is related to an institution, make a reference from the name of the team as a subheading of the institution.
110 2# $a Ohio State Buckeyes (Football team)
410 2# $a
Surnames
Generally, do not add a general designation as a qualifier to a corporate name containing two or more surnames (without forenames or without forename initials).
110 2# $a Morgan and Morgan
not
110 2# $a Morgan and Morgan (Firm)
but
110 2# $a B. Morgan and D. Morgan (Firm)
24.4C.
Two or more bodies with the same or similar names
Conflicts
When two or more bodies have the same name, 24.4C1 requires the addition of a qualifier to each name. Determine that a conflict exists when the AACR2 name or heading for one body is the same as the AACR2 name or heading for another body.
"Conflict" is restricted to headings already established or being established in the catalog. It includes headings for earlier names that are covered by see references to later names but excludes names treated as variants; if a variant name used in a reference conflicts with a form used in the heading for another body, apply the provisions for resolving conflicts only to the variant name. Ignore the conflict that is only between names used as variants.
110 2# $a
(Independent nongovernment body)
110 2# $a
(Government body belonging to the city of
110 2# $a
(Subordinate nongovernment body)
110 2# $a
(Government body belonging to the state of
Note that the existing heading that previously was unique but that now conflicts must be reviewed in the light of 24.4C and changed if necessary.
Non-conflicts
1) Government bodies that are not institutions
a) Definition. According to 24.17, a body whose immediate parent body is the heading for a government, or whose immediate parent body is entered subordinately to the heading for a government, is treated as a government body. A body is treated as a nongovernment body, however, if its immediate parent body is entered under a heading that is not the name of a government.
government body
110 2# $a National Endowment for the Arts
(
410 1# $a
nongovernment body
110 2# $a Cultural Resources Development Project (National Endowment for the Arts)
410 2# $a National Endowment for the Arts
(
b) When to qualify.
If a government body other than an institution (school, library, laboratory,
hospital, archive, museum, prison, etc.) is entered under its own name, add the
name of the government as qualifier unless the government's name (or an
understandable surrogate of the government's name) is already present in the
name. The qualifier is required even if
the name includes a proper noun or adjective (other than the name or the
surrogate of the name of the government).
(Note: "
110 2# $a Council on International
Economic Policy (
410 1# $a
110 2# $a
410 1# $a
but
110 2# $a Baltimore Redevelopment Corporation
410 1# $a Baltimore (
110 2# $a Welsh Joint Education Committee
410 1# $a
c) Form of qualifier. When adding the name of the government as a qualifier, use its catalog-entry form as modified by 23.4A1; 24.4C1, second paragraph; and appendix B.14.
110 2# $a You zheng
bo wu guan (
410 1# $a
not
110 2# $a You zheng bo wu guan (China : Republic : 1949- )
110 2# $a Arbeitskreis Wissenschaftsgeschichte (
110 1# $a
not
110 2# $a Arbeitskreis Wissenschaftsgeschichte (
2) All other bodies
a) When to qualify. If a nongovernment body or a government institution (school, library, laboratory, hospital, archive, museum, prison, etc.) is entered directly under its own name, add a qualifier if the addition assists in the understanding of the nature or purpose of the body. Use judgment in making this decision, noting that the use of the undefinable phrase "nature or purpose" is deliberate, with the intention of letting the cataloger judge the situation--does the addition of a qualifier really improve the heading?
In case of doubt, do not add the qualifier.
b) Choice of qualifier. Choose the most appropriate qualifier from among the following:
(1) the name of the place or jurisdiction that reflects the scope of the body's activities;
(2) the name of the local place in which the body is located (or the name of the local place that is commonly associated with the body);
(3) the name of the higher or related body (for subordinate or related bodies).
c) Form of qualifier. When adding the name of a place or jurisdiction, use its catalog-entry form as modified by 23.4A1; 24.4C1, second paragraph; and appendix B.14.
110 2# $a
not
110 2# $a
110 2# $a
not
110 2# $a
110 2# $a Central Area Farmers Support
Group (
not
110 2# $a Central Area Farmers Support Group (
When adding the name of the higher or related body, apply LCRI 24.4C5.
3) Headings already coded "AACR2." Corporate name headings may be found already coded for AACR2 that lack a qualifier called for by this LCRI. Continue to use these headings without adding the qualifier unless a conflict or some other extreme need arises.
heading: 110 2# $a Bicentennial Committee on Historic Houses
(Do not change to: 110 2# $a Bicentennial Committee on
Historic Houses (
24.4C4.
Change of name of jurisdiction or locality [Formerly 24.4C6]
If a corporate body is qualified by a geographic name (place or jurisdiction), use the heading for the current geographic entity as the qualifier (or the heading for the latest geographic name in use during the lifetime of the body if the corporate body no longer exists). Change an established heading whenever the existing qualifier becomes inappropriate (as when the geographic name changes or the corporate body moves from one locale to another).
x
(Founded in 1972; name of the government changed in 1980)
Fourth Presbyterian Church (
x
Fourth Presbyterian Church (
(Founded in 1828 in Washington, D.C.; moved to Bethesda, Md., in 1957)
24.4C5.
Institutions [Formerly
24.4C7]
When adding the name of a higher or related corporate body to a corporate name, give the name of the body in the form and language on which the heading for the body is based (not necessarily the catalog-entry form for the institution). Use in the qualifier the body's current name. However, if a qualifier is added to the name of a body that no longer exists, use in the qualifier the name of the body that was appropriate at the time the body ceased.
Newman Club (
not
Newman Club (Southern State College (
Center for Materials Science (National Measurement Laboratory)
not
Center for Materials Science (National
Measurement Laboratory (
x National Measurement Laboratory (
If the combination of corporate name plus qualifier actually conflicts in the file being searched against, then give the qualifier in catalog-entry form.
Newman Club (
Newman Club (
If the higher or related body is entered subordinately, use either its parent body or its catalog-entry form.
Institut avtomatiki i ėlektrometrii (Akademii͡a nauk SSSR)
not
Institut avtomatiki i ėlektrometrii (Akademii͡a nauk SSSR. Sibirskoe otdelenie)
x Akademii͡a nauk SSSR. Sibirskoe otdelenia. Institut avtomatiki i ėlektrometrii
If the existing qualifier becomes inappropriate because the body used in the qualifier has changed its name or the body used in the qualifier is no longer associated with the body being qualified, establish a separate heading for the body being qualified. Make earlier/later see also references to connect the headings.
Dokumentations-Leitstelle Afrika (Deutsches Institut für Afrika-Forschung)
xx Dokumentations-Leitstelle Afrika (Institut für Afrika-Kunde)
Dokumentations-Leitstelle Afrika (Institut für Afrika-Kunde)
xx Dokumentations-Leitstelle Afrika (Deutsches Institut für Afrika-Forschung)
(The name of the qualifying body changed from Deutsches Institut für Afrika-Forschung to Institut für Afrika-Kunde)
Note: For the period 1980-1991, the established heading was changed to reflect the latest qualifier whenever the existing qualifier became inappropriate; the form with the earlier qualifier was covered by a "see"-reference. Generally do not establish a separate heading for the form with the earlier qualifier that is covered by an existing "
24.5.
Omissions
24.5C.
Terms indicating incorporation and certain other terms
24.5C1.
If the adjectival term or terms indicating incorporation or state ownership of a commercial enterprise appears initially or medially in the name, it is ipso facto an integral part of the name. (Note that if the term appears initially, it may be inverted when used in the heading if 24.5C2 is also applicable.) If the term appears at the end of the name, treat it as a part of the name only if the term is necessary to show that the name refers to a corporate body.
For additional guidance on when to retain the term indicating incorporation appearing at the end of the name, see LCRI 24.4B.
24.6.
Governments. Additions
When a sovereign entity and another place of the same name that is not a sovereign entity exist at the same time, do not qualify the name of the sovereign entity.
151 ## $a
151 ## $a
When a succession of jurisdictions would be entered under the same name, use one heading for all, no matter what differences there are between the jurisdictions.
151 ## $a
not
151 ## $a
151 ## $a
not
151 ## $a
151 ## $a
not
151 ## $a
151 ## $a
not
151 ## $a
However, when the geographic qualifier added to a name to reflect its current status is not appropriate for the earlier entity, use two headings and qualify each.
151 ## $a Brabant (
151 ## $a
151 ## $a
151 ## $a
151 ## $a
151 ## $a
151 ## $a
151 ## $a
If an entity that has been treated as an independent state (country) is absorbed into an existing state (country) and retains the same name as a part of the state into which it was absorbed, or if a part of an existing country becomes an independent state and retains the same name, create a heading for the new entity and retain the heading for the former entity.
existing heading: 151 ## $a
(reverted
to
additional heading: 151 ## $a Hong Kong (
existing heading: 151 ## $a
(declared independence on May 24, 1993)
additional heading: 151 ## $a
When the name of a state, province, or
territory of
151 ## $a Malacca (Malacca)
151 ## $a Malacca (State)
not
151 ## $a Malacca
151 ## $a
151 ## $a
not
151 ## $a
When the name of a state, province, or territory of
151 ## $a
Alberta (Va.)
151 ## $a
Alberta
not
151 ## $a
Alberta (Province)
151 ## $a
Victoria (Tex.)
151 ## $a
not
151 ## $a
151 ## $a Virginia (
151 ## $a
not
151 ## $a
Exception: Use "
Add a qualifier to the heading for a jurisdiction that does not conflict with the heading for another jurisdiction when
1) the heading for the jurisdiction is the same as the name of a geographic area but the territory governed by the jurisdiction varies significantly from the geographic area;
151 ## $a
(The heading for Federation of the West Indies, which consisted only of some of the British possessions in the Caribbean; West Indies is a subject heading that covers all the islands in the Caribbean)
151 ## $a
(The heading for Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands,
which consists of the Caroline,
2) the heading for the jurisdiction is the same as the name of a geographic area but the name of the jurisdiction has ceased.
151 ## $a
(The heading for Territory of New Guinea, which ceased in 1942; New Guinea is a subject heading for the island which contains the current jurisdictions Papua New Guinea and Propinsi Irian Jaya)
24.7. Conferences,
Congresses, Meetings, Etc.
Ambiguous Entities
Treat the ambiguous entities listed below under the general principles for conference names, and establish them under the provisions of 24.7, AACR2, tagging them as X11.
Athletic contests
Competitions
Contests
Expeditions, Military
Expeditions, Scientific
Games (Events)
Parades
Public celebrations, pageants, anniversaries
Races (Contests)
Sporting events
Tournaments
Defined here as an activity that is formally convened, directed toward a common goal, capable of being reconvened, and has a formal name, location, date, and duration that can be determined in advance of the date.
Events
Before August 1996, events were established either as name or subject headings, tagged X11 or X50 respectively. After July 1996, establish all
Defined here as an activity that is formally convened, directed toward a common goal, capable of being reconvened, and has a formal name, location, date, and duration that can be determined in advance of the date.
events as name headings, tagged X11. Although AACR2 does not provide specifically for these types of headings, follow the general principles of 24.7, AACR2. Do not retain the pre-August 1996 heading as a reference, unless it is a valid AACR2 reference. Note that a qualifier of the type specified by 24.4B may be necessary when the name does not convey the idea of an event, e.g., Rose Bowl (Football game), but Miss America Pageant.
LC practice: Convert headings for events existing in the subject authority file to name headings as needed. In converting subject authority records to name authority records, copy the subject authority record into the name authority file. Add the control number of the subject authority record as a 010$z; revise the form of heading and the tagging; delete any 053 field; evaluate existing references (revise or delete),
Note that the order of fields when copying a subject authority record differs from the traditional order of fields for name authority records. Do not reorder the fields.
add additional references as appropriate, delete any 550 fields; retain any 670 field(s) as is (including "Work cat." preceding the citation), add a 670 field that justifies the heading chosen (item being cataloged or LC database citation); and change FFD 8 to value n, code FFD 12 as appropriate, and add the cataloger's code in FFD 25. Submit a proposal to delete the record from the subject authority file to the Subject Headings Editorial Team, Cataloging Policy and Support Office in accordance with procedures in Subject Headings Manual H 193, section 11, and H 193.5. (NACO libraries: Submit the proposal to Cooperative Cataloging Team, Regional and Cooperative Cataloging Division.)
111
MARC coding in the examples reflects the provisions of MARC 21 Format for Authority Data and not any individual system.
111 2# $a Rose Bowl (Football game)
411 2# $a Rose Bowl Game
111 2# $a Tournament of Roses
411 2# $a Rose Bowl Parade
411 2# $a Rose Parade
411 2# $a Tournament of Roses Parade
411 2# $a
111 2# $a Miss America Pageant
111 2# $a World Cup (Soccer game)
411 2# $a
Coupe de monde (Soccer)
411 2# $a
Copa del Mundo de Fútbol
411 2# $a Fussballweltmeisterschaft
111 2# $a Tour de France (Race)
111 2# $a International Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition
411 2# $a Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition, International
411 2# $a Międzynarodowy Konkurs Skrzypcowy imienia Henryka Wieniawskiego
111 2# $a World Jamboree of Boy Scouts
411 2# $a Jamboree of Boy Scouts, World
111 2# $a Iditarod (Race)
411 2# $a Iditarod Sled Dog Race
411 2# $a Iditarod Trail (Race)
111 2# $a Daytona 500 (Race)
411 2# $a Daytona Five Hundred (Race)
411 2# $a Daytona International
Dates as Qualifiers
Always use dates as qualifiers to headings for expeditions, even if there is no current conflict. For the form of the qualifier, see rule 24.4C6.
24.7A.
Omissions
If the name of a conference consists of a phrase that combines an acronym or an initialism with the abbreviated or full form of the year, retain the year as part of the name.
111 2# $a GAGETECH '92 ...
111 2# $a TOOLS
111 2# $a AFPAC 2000
Exception: Omit the abbreviated or full form of the year from the name of a conference if the conference is ongoing and the name of the conference remains the same for each conference except for the abbreviated or full form of the year and the name is needed for main or added entry on the bibliographic record for the conference proceedings cataloged as a serial. If the year is omitted from the name, add the term "Conference" (or similar appropriate English term) as a qualifier after the name. (Once the heading is established for a serial, that form of the heading is used on all other publications related to the conference.)
111 2# $a CAV (Conference)
(Names: CAV '90, CAV '91, CAV '92, CAV '93 …; needed for main entry for the conference proceedings cataloged as a serial: Computer aided verification: proceedings …)
24.7B.
Additions
Name Authority
Records
On the name authority record for a conference heading, do not add the number, date, or place to the name when the conference is an ongoing one, even if all the meetings were held in one place (cf. 24.7B4). Apply this both to meetings entered directly under their own names and to meetings entered subordinately to headings for corporate bodies.
Conflicts
If the name of an ongoing conference conflicts, add to the name an appropriate qualifier.
authority record:
111 2# $a Governor's Conference on
Education (
bibliographic record:
111 2# $a Governor's Conference on Education (
authority record:
111 2# $a International Symposium on Quality Control (1974- )
bibliographic record:
111 2# $a International Symposium on Quality Control (1974-
) $n (1st : $d 1974 : $c
Date
If the name includes an abbreviated or full form of the year and the name is followed by one or more additions, a year must always be included in these additions.
111 2# $a GAGETECH '92 $d (1992 :
$c
111 2# $a TOOLS Europe '94 $d (1994 :
$c
111 2# $a AFPAC 2000 $d (2000 : $c
Location
In deciding between using local place or institution, etc. (24.7B4), when establishing the heading for a named conference, add as the qualifier the local place or institution, etc., that appears with the conference name in the source for the conference name as opposed to other locations within the item where the conference name is repeated. If an institution's name appears in the source, transcribe the institution's name as the qualifier, or if a local place name appears, transcribe that. When transcribing an institution, give it in the nominative case in the language in which it is found in the item. (Even if the institution represents a subordinate unit, record its name rather than the name of the higher body alone.) When transcribing a local place, give its catalog-entry form (as modified by 23.4A1 and 24.4C1, second paragraph). If both an institution and a local place appear, prefer to use the name of the institution, etc., generally without the name of the local place unless the name of the institution is a very "weak" one (use judgment in this respect and do not be concerned about a high degree of consistency). Note: Do not use as location the name of a hotel, convention center, or office building unless the conference was held outside a local place.
For electronic conferences, do not add the name of the local place or other location.
Two or More Meetings
If the item being cataloged contains the proceedings, etc., of two meetings of the same conference and main entry under the heading for the conference is appropriate (cf. LCRI 21.1B2, Category D), enter the item under the heading for the first meeting and make an added entry under the heading for the second meeting even if the meetings are consecutively numbered.
If the item contains the proceedings, etc., of three or more meetings of the same conference, enter the item under the heading for the conference without any additions.
24.7B2.
Number
Apply the optional provision of the rule.
24.10.
24.10B.
Place Qualifiers
Add to the name of a local church, cathedral, monastery, convent, abbey, temple, mosque, synagogue, etc., the name of the place in which it is located.
Eglise Saint-Jean-Baptiste (
Tenafly Presbyterian Church (
Note 1: Headings already coded for AACR2 that lack a qualifier called for by this directive should not be changed unless a conflict or some other extreme need arises.
Note 2: Before 1995, references were made from the place in which the local religious institution is located. Delete such references when maintenance work is required to the authority record for another reason.
Multiple Qualifiers
If the name needs the addition of both a general designation and the name of a place, addthe general designation first.
Santo
Domingo (Monastery : Pamplona, Spain)
Churches, Chapels, etc., of Larger Institutions
If a church, chapel, etc., is a subordinate unit of a larger institution and is entered directly under its own name (24.12), generally add the name of the larger institution as a qualifier. Make a reference from the name as a subheading of the larger institution.
Chapel of the Good Shepherd (General Theological Seminary)
x General Theological Seminary (
24.13. Subordinate and Related Bodies Entered
Subordinately
When the body being entered subordinately contains the name or part of the name of the higher body as an element of its own name, routinely omit this element whenever the particular higher body's name is retained in the hierarchy shown in the heading.
If a body is entered subordinately according to types 2, 3, 4, or 5, make a direct reference from the name of the subordinate body only if its name appears without the name of its parent body on the chief source of one of its own publications. When making the reference, generally, qualify the name with the name of the parent body (in the form and language on which the heading for the parent body is based, not necessarily its catalog-entry form).
Note: If a name authority record for a heading established before January 1981 contains such a direct reference, accept it as valid without examining the evidence (although a qualifier may have to be added to it).
24.13, Type 2
Test a name against this type only if it contains "a word that normally implies administrative subordination."
For names of corporate bodies whose official language is English, French, or Spanish, the Library will attempt a higher degree of uniformity by making a list of words used within these entities that normally imply administrative subordination. In addition to "committee" and "commission" (cf. the rule), other type 2 words for these languages are
English
administration
administrative … (e.g., administrative office)
advisory … (e.g., advisory panel)
agency
authority
board
bureau
directorate
executive
… group (e.g., work group)
inspectorate
office
panel
secretariat
service
task force
working party
French
administration
agence
bureau
cabinet
comité
commissariat
commission
délégation
direction
groupe de …
inspection
mission
office
secrétariat
service
Spanish
administración
agencia
asesoría
comisaría
comisión
comité
consejería
coordinación
delegación
diputación
dirección
directoria
fiscalía
gabinete
gerencia
grupo de …
jefatura
junta
negociado
oficina
secretaría
secretariado
servicio
superintendencia
For bodies with names in English, French, or Spanish, only names containing one or more of the words listed above are to be treated according to type 2.
For the type's second criterion, "provided that the name of the higher body is required for the identification of the subordinate body," use judgment.
24.13, Type 3
Interpretation
The Library of Congress interprets "a name that is general in nature" in the rule as follows: "general in nature" usually means that the name contains neither very distinctive elements (such as proper nouns or adjectives) nor subject words. For example, enter subordinately
Technical Information Library
Friends of the Library
Annual Meeting
Otherwise, consider that the name is not "general in nature" and enter it independently with qualifiers as necessary (cf. LCRI 24.4C).
Carnegie Library
Music Archive
24.13, Type 5
Enter a subordinate or related unit of a college or university subordinately if the name of the unit simply indicates a particular field of study, interest, or activity.
Universidad Mayor de San Simón (Cochabamba, Bolivia). Editorial Universitaria
Universität Wien. Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung
24.13, Type 6
Applicability
Understand the term "includes" in the rule to apply to any linguistic relationship between the name of the body and its parent (higher or related) body, not just to those shown in the examples under type 6.
Understand the phrase "entire name" to be the name that was selected for use in the heading for the parent (higher or related) body, not necessarily the catalog-entry form of the parent body's heading. For example, disregard cataloger's additions to the parent body's name or the fact that the parent body may be entered subordinately. Note, however, that if the heading for the parent body includes a term indicating incorporation, etc. (24.5C1), the form with the term must also appear in the name of the subordinate body for type 6 to be applied.
name: Friends of Wells Cathedral
heading for parent: Wells Cathedral
heading: Wells Cathedral. Friends
name: Northwestern University School of Law
heading for parent: Northwestern University (
heading: Northwestern University (
name: Osteuropa-Institut
an der Freien Universität
heading for parent: Freie Universität
heading: Freie
Universität
but
name: Hoechst Chemical Society
heading for parent: Hoechst A.G.
heading: Hoechst Chemical Society
not
Hoechst A.G. Chemical Society
name:
heading for parent:
heading:
not
When the name of a subordinate body contains more than one unit in the hierarchy, apply the "entire name" provision in type 6 only to the body immediately above the body being established. Exception: If the application of rule 24.14 results in the omission of the immediately above body from the heading for the subordinate body, do not apply type 6 to the name of the subordinate body in a language other than Chinese, Japanese, or Korean. For Chinese, Japanese, and Korean bodies, apply type 6 although 24.14 results in the omission of the body immediately above.
name: Research Council of the Conover Branch of the
heading for 1st unit: Jefferson Academy of Science. Conover Branch
heading:
name: Thomas Foundation of the Conover Branch of the Jefferson Academy of Science
heading for 1st unit: Jefferson Academy of Science. Conover Branch
heading: Thomas Foundation of the Conover Branch of the Jefferson Academy of Science
not
not
Exceptions: Treat as falling into type 6 a name that fits one of the following categories:
1) The subordinate
body's name contains the entire name of a directly entered
2) The subordinate body's name contains the entire name of its parent body except that the form of the parent body in the subordinate body's name is in another language.
name: South Carolina Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
heading for parent:
heading:
name: International Medical Commission of the Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund
heading for parent:
heading:
German Universities
The names of German universities appear frequently both in a
long form, e.g., Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu
Universität Kiel. Institut für Agrarpolitik und Marktlehre
Universität Kiel. Institut für Internationales Recht
References
Routinely make a reference from the entire name of a body entered under type 6. Note, however, if the name also fits 24.13, type 1, a reference from the entire name is unnecessary.
American Legion. Auxiliary
x American Legion Auxiliary
x Agricultural Experiment Station
of
Exclusions from Type
6
Type 6 is not applicable to a name that falls into one of the following categories:
1) The name of the subordinate body is made up of the higher body's name plus a designation for the subordinate body that does not by itself convey the idea of a corporate body.
name:
heading:
not
Friends of the Earth.
name: Women of the Minnesota Conference of the United Church of Christ
heading: Women of the Minnesota Conference of the United Church of Christ
not
United
name: Ladies of the Grand Army of the Republic
heading: Ladies of the Grand Army of the Republic
not
Grand Army of the Republic. Ladies
name:
heading:
not
Episcopal Church.
N.B. This category of exclusions does not apply to the subordinate designation "Friends," as in "Friends of the [name of the library or museum]," because this designation has been so commonly used and consequently can be considered "corporate" in connotation.
2) The name is a
name: University of
heading: University of
not
Named Meetings
If a named meeting (cf. LCRI 21.1B1) contains the entire name of a corporate body (as defined above), enter the meeting subordinately to the heading for the body if the name contains, in addition to the name of the body, no more than a generic term for the meeting or not more than a generic term plus one or more of the following elements: the venue of the meeting; number, date, or other sequencing element.
name: Annual Conference of the
heading:
name: First Constitutional Convention of the Congress of Industrial Organizations
heading: Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.).
Constitutional Convention (1st : 1938 :
name: 5th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Political Science Association
heading: Nigerian Political Science
Association. Conference (5th : 1978 :
name: Human Factors Society 1979 Annual Meeting
heading: Human Factors Society (U.S.). Meeting (1979 :
In all other cases, enter the named meeting directly under its own name.
name:
heading:
not
name: Unesco International Chemistry Conference
heading: Unesco
International Chemistry Conference (1978 :
not
Unesco.
International Chemistry Conference (1978 :
24.18. Government Agencies Entered Subordinately
When the body being entered subordinately contains the name or part of the name of the higher body as an element of its own name, routinely omit this element whenever the particular higher body's name is retained in the hierarchy shown in the heading.
name: Senate Committee on Natural Resources and Wildlife [of the California Legislature]
heading:
There is no counterpart to rule 24.13, TYPE 6, under 24.18. Therefore, even if the name of a subordinate government agency contains the entire name of its parent body (i.e., the name of the parent body in the form in which the heading of the parent body is based) and the parent body is entered subordinately to the heading for the government, nevertheless, enter the subordinate agency directly under its own name unless the name meets one of the following conditions:
1) The name of the subordinate agency itself fits one of the types under 24.18.
2) The name of its parent body occurs at the beginning of the subordinate agency's name and the first word is a 24.18, TYPE 1, term. (Note: If the name meets this condition, do not omit any hierarchy from the heading for the subordinate agency.)
name:
(The name does not meet either of the two conditions)
heading:
name: Senate Committee on Natural Resources and Wildlife
(The name fits 24.18, TYPE 6)
heading:
name: Department of Health and Social Security Library
(The parent body's name occurs at the beginning and the first word is a type 1 term)
heading:
24.18, Type 2
Test a name against this type only if it contains "a word that normally implies administrative subordination." Whether or not a word has such an implication depends on whether it is used commonly in a particular jurisdiction as part of the names of government subdivisions. Use judgment; if in doubt, consider that the word does not have such an implication.
For names of government bodies whose official language is English, French, or Spanish, the Library will attempt a higher degree of uniformity by making a list of words used within these entities that normally imply administrative subordination. In addition to "committee" and "commission" (cf. the rule), other type 2 words for these languages are
English
administration
administrative … (e.g., administrative office)
advisory … (e.g., advisory panel)
agency
authority
board
bureau
directorate
executive
… group (e.g., work group)
inspectorate
office
panel
secretariat
service
task force
working party
French
administration
agence
bureau
cabinet
comité
commissariat
commission
délégation
direction
groupe de …
inspection
mission
office
secrétariat
service
Spanish
administración
agencia
asesoría
comisaría
comisión
comité
consejería
coordinación
delegación
diputación
dirección
directoria
fiscal
gabinete
gerencia
grupo de …
jefatura
junta
negociado
oficina
secretaría
secretariado
servicio
superintendencia
For bodies with names in English, French, or Spanish, only names containing one or more of the words listed above are to be treated according to type 2.
If the name passes the test described above, then evaluate
it in terms of the second criterion in type 2:
"provided that the name of the government is required for the
identification of the agency."
Apply this criterion in the following way: If the name of the government is stated
explicitly or implied in the wording of the name, enter it independently; in
all other cases, enter it subordinately.
(Note: "
If according to type 2 and this interpretation the body is entered under its own name, add the name of the government as a qualifier unless this name or an understandable surrogate is already present in the body's name (cf. 24.4C).
If a body is entered subordinately according to this rule, make a direct reference from the name of the subordinate body only if its name appears without the name of its parent body on the chief source of one of its own publications. Add the name of the government as a qualifier to the reference. Note: If a name authority record for a heading established before January 1, l981, contains such a direct reference, accept it as valid without examining the evidence (although a qualifier may have to be added to it
24.18, Type 3
The Library of Congress interprets "a name that is general in nature" in the rule as follows:
1) National-level bodies. If the body is at the national-level of government, consider that the name is "general" -- and enter it subordinately--if its name lacks distinctive elements of the following types:
proper nouns or adjectives;
subject words; or
the term "national," or "state" (meaning "national"), or equivalents in foreign languages.
Library
Technical Laboratory
Enter the names of all other national-level bodies independently.
Nuclear Energy Library
Technical Laboratory of Oceanographic Research
National Institutes of Health
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
National Gallery
State Library
Note: Prior to 1989, headings for names of national-level bodies consisting solely of a general phrase plus the term "national" or "state" (or their equivalents) were entered subordinately; such headings are revised when they are needed in post-1988 cataloging.
2) Bodies below the national level. If the body is below the national level and its name does not fall into any other type under 24.18, enter it under the heading for the government unless either the name of the government is stated explicitly or is implied in the wording of the name or the name contains some other element tending to guarantee uniqueness (usually a proper noun or adjective). (If variant forms in the body's usage make it unclear as to whether the name includes the name of the government (as defined above), do not treat the name of the government as part of the name of the body.) In case of doubt as to whether the name of a body below the national level fits the criterion for subordinate entry, enter it subordinately.
Qualifiers
If according to these instructions, the body is entered under its own name, generally, add the name of the government as a qualifier unless this name or an understandable surrogate is already present in the body's name (cf. LCRI 24.4C).
24.18, Type 5
Restrict the application of type 5 to major executive agencies of national governments.
24.19. Direct or Indirect Subheading
The rules emphasize omission of hierarchy but qualify this emphasis as follows:
"Omit … hierarchy unless the name of the subordinate or related body has been, or is likely to be, used by another body entered under the same higher or related body"--Rule 24.14 for bodies entered under a higher body other than a jurisdiction.
"[Omit hierarchy] unless the name of the agency has been, or is likely to be, used by another agency entered under the same government"--Rule 24.19 for bodies entered under a jurisdiction.
The words "or is likely to be" will carry a varying import to different catalogers. The statement below indicates the particular import of the words that Library of Congress catalogers should heed.
Two types of names do not need explanation, i.e., in these cases all catalogers reading only the rule and no gloss would reach the same conclusion. These types of names are
This evaluation of the body's functions indicated in two "obvious" categories is based on the names of the bodies involved, not on any special searching.
1) names of subordinate bodies performing functions common to many higher bodies, when the name of the subordinate body (exclusive of any names of higher bodies included in the name) is as common sounding as its function:
Personnel Office
Archives of the Ministry of Rural Development
Research and Development Section
Planning Dept.
Procurement and Supply Division
Headings for such subordinate bodies as these obviously could not omit hierarchy.
2) names of subordinate bodies performing one or more of the major functions that are unique to the particular higher body (within the same corporate structure):
Bureau of Libraries, Museums, and Archaeological Services
(Under the Dept. of Conservation and Cultural Affairs which should be omitted from the heading)
Division of Industry and Engineering
Division of Transport
(Both under the Ministry of Transport, Industry, and Engineering which should be omitted from the heading)
but not
Library
(Also under the same ministry but belongs in category 1 and the department must be included in the heading)
Division of Fisheries Division of Forestry
(Both under the Dept. of Conservation which should be omitted from the heading)
but not
Division of Education and Publicity
(Also under the same department but belongs in category 1 and the department must be included in the heading)
A decision on hierarchy in these cases is also obvious.
If the name of the body being established does not fit either of the above obvious categories, consider whether or not the name would be appropriate for another subordinate body within the same corporate structure. Common sense will be the best guide, but in some doubtful cases it may be relatively easy to make the decision if an important idea expressed in a word or phrase present in the higher body's name is missing from the name of the body.
International
Avoid a very literal approach to this question, however. The name of the body being established may adequately imply the ideas expressed in the higher body's name without actually repeating the words of that name,
(Omitted: Office of Administration)
(Omitted: Dept. of Energy)
If still in doubt, retain the higher body in the heading.