Library
of Congress Rule Interpretations for chapter 21 (complete)
Chapter 21 Choice of Access Points
21.0. Introductory Rules
21.0B. Sources for determining access points
Generally determine access points for an item from its chief source (or chief
source substitute) and from statements appearing prominently (cf. 0.8). When
statements appearing in the chief source, or statements appearing prominently, are
ambiguous or insufficient, use information appearing in the contents of the item
or appearing outside the item for determining access points. Note that for works
entered under certain rules (e.g., 21.4A1), it does not matter where the
information appears.
21.0D. Optional addition. Designations of function
Option Decision
LC practice: Do not apply the designations of function specified by AACR2.
Exception: The designation "ill." will be added to the headings for illustrators
occurring in added entries in bibliographic records for resources intended for
children.
Note that LC does apply the part of the rule that provides for using designations
in specialist or archival cataloging from standard lists appropriate to the
material being cataloged. For example, in cataloging rare books, relator terms
from MARC Code Lists for Relators, Sources, Description Conventions may be used in
subfield $e of universal and copy-specific added entries.
21.1. General Rule
21.1A. Works of personal authorship
21.1A2. General rule
Consider the entire run of a serial before entering it under the heading for a
person. If different issues of the serial are known to have been or are likely to
be created by different persons, do not enter the work under the heading for a
person.
Enter a serial under the heading for a person only in instances in which one
person is so closely connected to or involved with the serial that the publication
seems unlikely to continue without that person. Some types of serials that might
sometimes be considered to be unlikely to continue without the person named as
author are
1) serials for which the same person is named as both author and publisher;
2) serials that carry the whole name or part of the name of a person in the title;
3) serials that do not emanate from a corporate body that might assure that the
serial is continued.
Always lean toward not entering a serial under the heading for a person.
21.1B. Entry under corporate body
21.1B1. Definition
Conferences
Include in the definition of a conference in footnote 1 any named meeting that is
entered directly under its own name and any named meeting that is entered
subordinately to a heading for a corporate body.
When determining whether a conference has a name, cases arise that exhibit
conflicting evidence insofar as two of the criteria in the definition of a
corporate body are concerned: capitalization and the definite article. When the
phrase is in a language that normally capitalizes each word of a name, even in
running text, consider a capitalized phrase a name even if it is preceded by an
indefinite article. (This statement cannot apply to other languages.)
named: In July of 1977 a Conference on Management Techniques in Libraries ws held …
unnamed: Late last year the Retail Manufacturers Association of the Greater
Another important point to bear in mind when deciding whether a phrase is a name
is that the phrase must include a word that connotes a meeting: "symposium,"
"conference," "workshop," "colloquium," etc. Note: Some notable sequential
conferences that lack such a term are exceptionally considered to be named, e.g.,
Darmstädter Gespräch. In addition, phrases that combine acronyms or initialisms
with the abbreviated or full form of the year are also considered to be named.
unnamed: A symposium titled "Coal Geology and the Future," sponsored by …
named: GAGETECH '92
TOOLS
AFPAC 2000
Generic-Term Names of Meetings
When a generic-term name of a meeting designates a meeting of a body (as opposed
to one merely sponsored by a body), the meeting may be considered as named,
whether or not the generic term is strengthened by the name or abbreviation of the
body. For example, "annual meeting" in relation to the Human Factors Society is
named whether it appears as
Annual Meeting or
HFS Annual Meeting or
Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society.
N.B. If such a meeting is one of two or more bodies, reject its designation as a
name.
Sixteenth annual United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority/United States Federal
Aviation Administration meeting
On the other hand, such generic-term designations for sponsored meetings are
considered as name only if the body's name, the abbreviation of the name, or some
other distinctive noun or adjective strengthen the generic term.
unnamed: Symposium no. 95
named: IAU Symposium no. 95
Record with lower-casing statements on the chief source that give the type of
designation rejected as names according to this paragraph.
N.B. Occasionally in this context the body is one of the types that typically does
its work in sessions of its members (i.e., committees, commissions, or similar
bodies, such as panels, task forces, or working groups). Do not treat designations
of the working sessions of these bodies as named, e.g., "Seventh meeting of the
Coordinating Committee for the Regional English Language Centre."
If the meeting is named according to these criteria, determine the form of the
name according to the appropriate provisions of chapter 24 (e.g., 24.7; 24.13,
type 3; 24.13, type 6).
21.1B2. General rule
Applicability
In judging whether a work should be entered under the name of a corporate body,
the cataloger makes two determinations, keeping in mind that in many instances
information appearing only in the content of the work will have to be taken into
account in order to ascertain if the second determination particularly applies
(cf. 21.0B1, last sentence).
1) Does the work emanate from the corporate body involved? As indicated in
footnote 2 to chapter 21, a work emanates from a corporate body if one of the
following conditions applies:
a) The corporate body has issued (published) the work. Normally this means that the name of the corporate body appears in a position indicative of publication (e.g., for books, the imprint position) in the chief source of information or appears elsewhere as a formal publication statement.
b) Corporate body A has caused the work to be issued (published). Generally, the name of a different body, corporate body B, appears on the chief source of information (cf. above) or elsewhere as a formal publisher statement. Body A has arranged for body B, named as publisher, to issue the work because body A has no facilities for publishing. The arrangement between the two bodies is in some cases explicitly stated, e.g., "Published for the Historical Association by Routledge & Paul." In other cases it must be inferred from evidence in the publication. For example, the name of body A at head of title (the name of a commercial publisher appears in publisher position) commonly indicates that body A has caused the item to be issued (published), or, if the work appears in a series for which body A has editorial responsibility but is published by a commercial publisher, body A has caused the work to be issued (published).
c) The corporate body, although the originator of the work, does not meet the test of issuing (publishing) in either category a) or b) above. In this case, body B, which has no responsibility for the content, issues (publishes) a work whose content originates with body A. For example, a work is prepared by corporate body A which functions as a consulting body, commissioned by body B for that purpose; the completed work is published by body B. In this case the content of the work originates with body A although it has no responsibility for publication of the work. A similar situation occurs when a commercial publisher arranges to publish the card catalog of a library in book form. The library has no real responsibility for publication; it has only given permission to the commercial publisher to undertake publication. However, since the content of the catalog has been prepared by the library's cataloging staff, the content of the publication originates with the library. In all those cases, consider that "originates with" is equivalent to "emanates from."
d) If there is doubt that the work emanates from the corporate body, assume that the corporate body is involved with the work.
2) Does the work fall into one or more of the categories listed in 21.1B2? In
answering this question, the following points should be kept in mind:
a) Judge that a work falls into a particular category if that category accounts for the predominant content, or the purpose, of the work. That is, there may be some material that does not fall into one of the categories; that material may be ignored for the purpose of making the determination. For example, a work may contain factual data to support a statement of official position, when the official position is the chief purpose of the work.
b) If there is any doubt as to whether a work falls into one or more of the
categories, ignore the involvement of a corporate body in determining the main entry heading and enter it either under personal author or title as appropriate. Make an added entry for the corporate body, however, even if not prominently named.
3) There is no rule comparable to AACR1 rule 17A-B for making a determination of whether the main entry heading for a work is to be under the name of a person or of a corporate body. When a work emanating from a corporate body bears the name of one or more persons as authors, it is necessary, first of all, to determine if the main entry heading is the name of the corporate body according to the provisions of 21.1B2. If the work does not meet the two conditions imposed by 21.1B2 or if there is doubt that it does, it is necessary next to determine if the work may be entered under the heading for a person named, according to the provisions of the appropriate rule, e.g., 21.4A, 21.6. If entry under the name of a person is not permitted, by default the main entry is under title (21.1C1c). Make an added entry under the heading for the corporate body if the main entry is under the name of a person or under title.
Category A
To belong to this category the work must deal with the body itself.
The words "administrative nature" indicate works dealing with the management or
conduct of the affairs of the body itself, including works that describe the
activities of the body either in general terms or for a particular period of time,
e.g., minutes of meetings, reports of activities for a particular period.
Normally, such works are intended in the first instance for internal use, although
they may be available to others. Some, particularly reports of activities,
progress, etc., may be required by superior or related bodies. Other works,
particularly general descriptions of objectives or activities, may be generally
available for purposes of public relations.
"Internal policy" is limited to policies formulated for the conduct of the affairs
of the body itself. For works concerned with policies relating to topics of wider
concern to a body, see category c.
In the case of religious denominations and local churches, category a includes
works that deal with the organization and government of the denomination or local
church, e.g., The Book of Discipline of the
Category C
This category is best characterized by saying that it deals with those works that
present official statements of position of a body on matters other than the
affairs of the body itself. Use judgment in applying the category.
Category D
This category may not be applied to any type of body other than those stated. Note
the emphasis upon the collective aspect of the work. It must deal with the
activities of many persons involved in a corporate body covered by the category,
not with the activities of a single person.
Amendments 2001 to AACR2 revised Category D of rule 21.1B2 to provide main entry
for a Category D work under the heading for the name of a conference, expedition,
or event if the name appears anywhere on the item being cataloged. Previously,
main entry for a Category D work was under the heading for the name of the
conference, expedition, or event when the name appeared prominently on the item.
LC practice: Effective December 2001, enter a work covered by Category D under the
heading for the name of a conference, expedition, or event if the name appears
anywhere in the item being cataloged. (Note: For the period January 1981-July
1991, LC entered a Category D work under the heading for the name of the
conference, etc., when the name appeared prominently on the item. For the period
August 1991-November 2001, LC entered a Category D work under the heading for the
name of the conference, etc., when the name appeared on the chief source. Existing
records are generally not changed to reflect current policy.)
Category E
This category emphasizes that the responsibility of a performing group must go
beyond "mere performance, execution, etc." This means that the group must be
responsible to a major degree for the artistic content of the work being
performed. A typical example is an acting group that performs by means of
improvisation. The group collectively "plans" the drama, that is, determines the
broad outline of the plot, the nature of the characters, etc., in the absence of a
written dialogue. The development of the drama proceeds entirely on the basis of
improvised dialogue. The performance is recorded, and it is the recording that is
being cataloged.
Category F
Use judgment in deciding whether the corporate body is the producer of the
cartographic work, i.e., take into account such factors as the nature of the body
and its cartographic output as well as any special information about the
cartography of the particular work.
Category G
LC/NACO practice: Add as new category in AACR2 g) named individual works of art by two or more artists acting as a corporate body.
Art Catalogs
Categories a and d of rule 21.1B2 include wording that justifies exhibitions as
main entry headings. Note, however, that there are very few exhibitions that are
establishable as corporate bodies (cf. LCRI 21.1B1).
The remainder of this interpretation is applicable to the remaining cases (the
majority) in which the exhibition is not establishable, but consideration of a
corporate main entry heading is still necessary in view of the presence of the
name of a museum or other body related to the event.
Apply 21.1B2a to the catalog of an exhibition of the works of two or more artists
if it meets the following conditions:
1) It presents itself as a catalog.
2) It emanates from a corporate body.
3) All the works listed are held by the corporate body from which the catalog
emanates.
4) The wording of the chief source explicitly links the catalog to the corporate
body that owns the works listed.
245 10 $a Henry Moore to Gilbert
& George : $b modern British art from the Tate Gallery : Palais des beaux-arts,
260 ## $a
Apply 21.1B2a to a catalog of the works of two or more artists that is not related
to an exhibition if it meets both the following conditions:
1) It emanates from a corporate body.
2) All the works listed are held by the corporate body from which the catalog
emanates.
245 10 $a Catalogue of the Italian paintings before 1800 / $c by Peter Tomory.
260 ## $a
Note that the presence of reproductions of the artists' works or reproductions and
text about the artists or the artists' works is not a factor in choosing the main
entry for either type of catalog.
If 21.1B2a cannot be applied, enter the catalog under the heading for the person
who prepared the catalog or under title, as appropriate.
For the catalog (exhibition or other) of the works of a single artist, apply LCRI
21.17B.
Consultants' Reports
Enter a work prepared by a consultant under the heading for the body that hired
the consultant if the hiring body takes the consultant's document and adopts it in
some clear way that fits a category of 21.1B2, category c being the most likely
possibility. One of the clearest ways for the hiring body to do this is for it to
make explicit recommendations or policy statements of its own superimposed on the
consultant's material (no matter that the original material is copied, even if
verbatim). Another clear way is for the hiring body to represent as its very own
the recommendations that originated with the consultant--perhaps even without
adding any new material.
If the hiring body does not take the stand described above and simply passes on
the material without position statements of its own, then enter the work under the
heading for the consultant if this is a person or persons not constituting a
corporate body, i.e., apply 21.4A or 21.6. If the consultant is a corporate body,
test the case under 21.1B2 in relation to the consultant in the same way as was
done in relation to the hiring body. If the work simply reports on a subject
without making the consultant's own definite recommendations, it is most likely
that the work will not fit any of the categories of 21.1B2, and, therefore, main
entry would be under title. If the work instead contains the policy statements or
definite recommendations of the consultant, then main entry will probably be under
the heading for the consultant.
Subordinate Units
When a work falling into one or more of the categories given in 21.1B2 involves a
parent body and one of its subordinate units (with the subordinate unit
responsible only for the preparation of the contents of the work), enter the work
under the heading for the parent body. Make an added entry under the heading for
the subordinate unit if named prominently.
21.1C. Entry under title
Add the following case to those listed for entry under title:
or e) It consists of contributions of more than one kind (textual, graphic,
aural, etc.) and the statement of responsibility in the chief source includes a
word or phrase denoting the particular contribution of each individual named and
such statements of responsibility, by presentation (e.g., typography and position)
in the chief source, diminish the importance of the persons named in relation to
the title, so that these persons seem to be receiving technical credit only as
opposed to credit for the artistic and intellectual content of the whole item.
Note that this addition does not supersede rule 21.11A, Illustrated texts, or rule
21.24, Collaboration between artist and writer. In some cases, it may be necessary
to examine the item as well as the chief source to determine the appropriate rule.
In this connection note also that the presence of words indicating the particular
contribution of each person named is not, in itself, sufficient to justify main
entry under title according to this interpretation since some publishers routinely
use such words for certain types of publications (e.g., collaborative children's
books or French literary works that are illustrated). See the last two examples
below.
title page:
Salationo // Textos de Eduardo Baliari … [and 12 others]
(Statement
of responsibility appears near the foot of the title page in minuscule
type)
main entry heading under title
title frame: Achieving self-mastery //Producer, director, Jake Mangan // Writer,
Norman Field // Consultant, Thomas A. Gell
(Motion
picture)
main entry heading under title
title page: Beautiful Colorado country // Concept and design, Robert D. Shangle //
Text, Paul M. Lewis
(Work
consists chiefly of color photographs by photographers who are only named at
the back of the book under "Photo credits")
main entry heading under title
title page: Highway safety 1981
page following t.p.: Authors, Gerald P. Balcar, Nicholas D. Nedas, Anita W. Ward; statistics and research, Ann Carr [and 7 others]; produced by Vision Art Studios; illustrations by Anthony Di Lorenzo
(Work
consists largely of graphs and charts, with very little continuous text;
statements
of responsibility are so non-prominent in relation to the title that
they
do not even appear in the same source with the title)
main entry heading under title
but
title page: The tiger who lost his stripes // Story by Anthony Paul //
Pictures by Michael Foreman
(Children's
book; a work of collaboration between writer and artist)
main entry under the heading for Paul (21.24)
title page:
(Work
by Modiano, which has been illustrated by Le-Tan)
main entry under the heading for Modiano
(21.11A)
21.4. Works for Which a Single Person or Corporate Body is Responsible
21.4B. Works emanating from a single corporate body
Additional Examples
Category f) of rule 21.1B2, also permits works such as the following to be entered
under the heading for a corporate body:
Maps illustrating development projects, 1973/74-1975/76 / [drawn and printed by
the Department of Surveys]
(An
atlas)
Main entry under the heading for the department
(An
atlas)
Main entry under the heading for the company
21.6. Works of Shared Responsibility
21.6C. Principle responsibility not indicated
21.6C1.
Reversed Order of Names
If the title of the later edition is the same as the title of the earlier edition,
give in an informal note on the record for the later edition information about the
order of names in the earlier edition. (Do not give the title and statement of
responsibility for the earlier edition solely to indicate the order of names on
the earlier edition.) In addition, on the record for the later edition make a name
added entry under the heading for each person or body not given as the main entry
heading. (Do not make a name/title added entry for the earlier edition.)
1st ed.: Decision systems of inventory management and production planning / Rein Peterson, Edward A. Silver, c1979
Main entry under the heading for Peterson
Added entry under the heading for Silver
2nd ed.: Decision systems of inventory management and production planning / Edward A. Silver, Rein Peterson. 2nd ed., c1985
Main entry under the heading for Silver
Added entry under the heading for Peterson
Suggested note: Peterson's name appears first on the earlier edition
21.7. Collections of Works by Different Persons or Bodies
21.7B. With collective title
If a collection contains no more than three works, make an analytical added entry
for each work (cf. LCRI 21.30M).
If a collection contains four or more works that are entered under no more than
three different headings, apply the following:
1) If one heading is represented by one work, make an analytical added entry for
the work.
2) If one heading is represented by one excerpt from one work, make an analytical
added entry for it.
3) If one heading is represented by two or more consecutively numbered excerpts
from one work, make one analytical added entry (25.6B1).
4) If one heading is represented by two unnumbered or nonconsecutively numbered
excerpts from one work, make an analytical added entry for each excerpt (25.6B2).
5) If one heading is represented by three or more unnumbered or nonconsecutively
numbered excerpts from one work, make one analytical added entry (25.6B3).
6) If one name heading is represented by two works, make an added entry for the
name heading alone.
7) If one personal name heading is represented by three or more works, make an
analytical added entry using an appropriate collective uniform title (e.g.,
"Selections").
8) If one corporate name heading is represented by three or more works, make an
added entry for the name heading alone.
If a collection contains four or more works that are entered under four or more
different headings, make an added entry for the contributor named first in the
chief source.
Sound Recordings
If a sound recording collection contains twenty-five or fewer musical works
entered under two or more different headings, normally make up to fifteen entries
according to the following instructions:
1) If one heading is represented by one work, make an analytical added entry for
the work.
2) If one heading is represented by one excerpt from one work, make an analytical
added entry for it (25.32A).
3) If one heading is represented by two or more consecutively numbered excerpts
from one work, make one analytical added entry (25.32B).
4) If one heading is represented by two unnumbered or nonconsecutively numbered
excerpts from one work, make one analytical added entry for each excerpt (25.32B).
5) If one heading is represented by three or more unnumbered or nonconsecutively
numbered excerpts from one work, make one analytical added entry (25.32B).
6) If one name heading is represented by two works, make an analytical added entry
for each work (25.33).
7) If one personal name heading is represented by three or more works, make an
analytical added entry using an appropriate collective uniform title (e.g.,
"Selections," "Piano music. Selections") (25.34).
Do not make analytical added entries for sound recording collections
1) containing twenty-five or fewer works that would require more than fifteen
analytical added entries;
2) containing pop, folk, ethnic, or jazz music;
3) containing recitals with an orientation towards performer(s) or instrument(s)
rather than musical repertoire;
4) that are multipart items but incomplete at the time the collection is
cataloged.
21.7C. Without collective title
If a collection contains no more than three works, enter under the heading
appropriate to the first and make analytical added entries for the second and
third works.
If a collection contains four or more works that are entered under no more than
three different headings, apply the following:
1) If one heading is represented by one work, enter the collection under the first
work or make an analytical added entry for it, as appropriate.
2) If one heading is represented by one excerpt from one work, apply 1) above.
3) If one heading is represented by two or more consecutively numbered excerpts
from one work, enter the collection under the uniform title for the excerpts
(25.6B1) or make an analytical added entry for them, as appropriate.
4) If one heading is represented by two unnumbered or nonconsecutively numbered
excerpts from one work, enter the collection under the first excerpt (25.6B2) and
make an analytical added entry for the other excerpt; or, make an analytical added
entry for each excerpt, as appropriate.
5) If one heading is represented by three or more unnumbered or nonconsecutively numbered excerpts from one work, enter the collection under the uniform title for the excerpts (25.6B3) or make an analytical added entry for them.
6) If one heading is represented by two works, enter the collection under the
first work and make an analytical added entry for the other work; or, make an
analytical added entry for each work, as appropriate.
7) If one heading is represented by excerpts from two works, apply 2)-5) above to
each work.
8) If one personal name heading is represented by three or more works, enter the
collection under an appropriate collective uniform title (e.g., Selections) or
make an analytical added entry under this uniform title, as appropriate.
9) If one corporate name heading is represented by three or more works, enter the
collection under the heading appropriate to the first work, but do not make any
analytical added entries for the others; or, make an added entry for the name
heading alone, as appropriate.
If a collection contains four or more works that are entered under four or more
different headings, enter the collection under the heading for the work named
first in the chief source. Generally do not make added entries for the other
works.
Sound Recordings
If a sound recording collection contains no more than fifteen musical works
entered under two or more different headings, enter the collection under the first
work and make analytical added entries for the other works. Do not make analytical
added entries for sound recording collections that are covered by the excluded
categories in LCRI 21.7B.
21.11. Illustrated Texts
21.11B. Illustrations published separately
Psalters
Works using the word "psalter," or a cognate, in the title proper or other title
information are often reproductions of parts of medieval psalters being published
to present the art of the illustrative matter contained in the original psalter.
Enter these incomplete psalters under the heading for the artist or under title if
the artist is unknown.
If the artist is unknown, the main entry heading will be under title or uniform
title. In this connection, note the utility of the headings provided by 25.13. For
example, the title of the work may not be more than a general designation, e.g.,
Der Psalter : eine Bilderhandschrift. A uniform title, consisting of either the
name of the manuscript or the repository designation for same--according to the
provisions of 25.13 -- is recommended for such cases.
Note, however, if the content is primarily textual, rather than illustrative, the
choice is between texts with Biblical emphasis and those with liturgical emphasis.
Enter the work under the heading for church as a liturgical text if it contains
any obvious liturgical element (as when one or more of the following are added to
the Psalms: canticles, antiphons, liturgical calendar, etc.; cf. 21.39);
otherwise, enter under the heading for the Psalms (cf. 25.18A).
21.17. Reproductions of Two or More Art Works
21.17B. With text
Applicability
21.17B1 is written in terms of a single artist, but some of its provisions are
also needed if the reproductions of two or more art works are of multiple artists.
If for such compilations entry under the author of the text is not appropriate,
enter under the title (cf. 21.7). Note, however, that cases of multiple artists
involving 21.1B2 should be evaluated under that rule (cf. LCRI 21.1B2).
If a work is entered under the heading for an artist according to 21.17B1, make an
added entry under the heading for the person who wrote the text if his or her name
appears anywhere in the item.
Art Catalogs
If a catalog of the works of a single artist also contains reproductions of the
artist's works, or reproductions and texts about the artist or the artist's works,
enter it under the heading for the person who wrote the catalog if he or she is
represented as the author of the catalog in the chief source of information.
Otherwise, enter the catalog under the heading for the artist. ("Catalog" here
includes those that are related to exhibitions of the artist's works and those
that represent the works of an artist held by one corporate body.)
If the catalog of a single artist's works does not contain reproductions of his or
her own works, apply the following in the order listed:
1) If the catalog emanates from the corporate body that holds all the works
listed, enter it under the heading for the body.
2) If the person or persons who wrote the catalog is known, enter it according to
21.4A or 21.6.
3) If neither 1) nor 2) is applicable, enter the catalog under its title.
21.18. General Rule (Musical Works)
21.18B. Arrangements, transcriptions, etc.
Do not apply the optional provisions of 21.18B1.
21.23. Sound Recordings
Added Entries
For a sound recording covered by 21.23A or 21.23B, make whatever added entries are
prescribed by the rules under which the choice of main entry for the work or works
recorded was made (e.g., for a joint author or composer under 21.6C1; for an
arranger under 21.18B1; for a librettist under 21.19A1) as well as any others
provided for under LCRI 21.29.
chief source:
L'ELISIR D'AMORE-Highlights
(Donizetti; Romani)
(Music
by Donizetti; libretto by Romani, based on Le philtre by Eugene Scribe)
main entry under the heading for Donizetti as composer (21.23A,
21.19A1)
added entries under the headings for Romani
and for Scribe's Le philtre (21.19A1)
21.23C. Works by different persons or bodies. Collective title
Principal Performer
In applying the rules and these interpretations, understand "performer" in 21.23C1
to mean a person or corporate body whose performance is heard on the sound
recording. When a person performs as a member of a corporate body, do not consider
him or her as a separate person to be a performer. Do not consider a conductor or
accompanist to be a member of the body he or she conducts or accompanies. If the
person's name appears in conjunction with the name of a group, determine whether
the corporate name includes this personal name. If the conclusion us that the
corporate name does not include the person's name, do not consider the person a
member of the group; if the conclusion is that it does include the person's name,
consider the person to be a member of the group.
For recordings containing musical works by different composers or writers, follow
the guidelines below in 1) deciding whether or not there are principal performers
and 2) identifying the principal performers, if any.
The use of the term "principal performer" in 21.23C1 and 21.23D1 can lead to
confusion since the term implies a performer who is more important (or, in the
words of footnote 5 on p. 344, given greater prominence) than other performers.
This interpretation, however, would often produce undesirable results: it would
make main entry under the heading for a performer impossible under 23.23C1 when
there is only one performer or when there are only two or three performers who are
given equal prominence. To avoid this difficulty, apply the following:
1) When two or more performers are named in the chief source of information,
consider to be principal performers those given the greatest prominence there. If
all the performers named in the chief source of information are given equal
prominence there, consider all of them to be principal performers.
2) When only one performer is named in the chief source of information, consider
that performer to be a principal performer.
3) When no performers are named in the chief source of information, consider that there are no principal performers.
In judging relative prominence on the basis of wording, layout, and typography,
consider names printed in the same size and style of lettering and in association
with one another to have equal prominence. When names appear in the same size and
style of lettering but in different areas of the same source of information,
consider those in a location implying superiority (e.g., a higher position) to
have greater prominence. Do not consider names near the beginning of a list or
sequence to have greater prominence than those near the end.
chief source:
JESS WALTERS SINGS
CLASSIC FOLK SONGS
Jess Walters, baritone
Hector García, guitar
main entry under the heading for Walters as principal performer
chief source:
Joan Sutherland
SONGS MY MOTHER TAUGHT ME
Songs by Dvořák, Mendelssohn, Massenet, Gounod
Delibes, Grieg, Liszt, and others
Richard Bonynge
The New Philharmonic Orchestra
main entry under the heading for Sutherland as principal performer
chief source:
SONATAS OF J.S. BACH & SONS
JEAN-PIERRE RAMPAL, Flute
ISAAC STERN, Violin
JOHN STEELE RITTER,
Harpsichord and Fortepiano
LESLIE PARNAS, Cello
main entry under title; Rampal, Stern,
Ritter, and Parnas are principal performers
chief source:
MUSIC OF CHABRIER AND MASSENET
Paul Paray
main entry under the heading for the orchestra
added entry under the heading for Paray
(The
orchestra and Paray are principal performers)
chief source:
LAS VOCES DE LOS CAMPESINOS
Francisco García and Pablo and Juanita Saludado
sing corridos about the farm workers and their union
main entry under the heading for García
added entries under the headings for P. Saludado
and J. Saludado
(García and the Saludados are
principal performers)
chief source:
SARAH BERNHARDT & THE COQUELIN BROTHERS
(Dramatic readings performed by Sarah Bernhardt, Constant Coquelin, and Ernest
Coquelin)
main entry under the heading for Bernhardt
added entries under the headings for C. Coquelin
and E. Coquelin
(Bernhardt,
C. Coquelin, and E. Coquelin
are principal performers)
chief source:
SONGS OF THE WOBBLIES
with
Joe Glazer
(Sung
by Glazer, with instrumental ensemble)
main entry under the heading for Glazer as principal performer
chief source:
Serge
POESIES ET PROSES FRANÇAISES
(Various
poems and prose selections read by Serge
main entry under the heading for
chief source:
(No
performers named)
main entry under title
(No
principal performers)
Music Videos & Popular Music Folios
Apply rules 21.23C1 and 21.23D1 to the following:
1) Videorecordings that contain collections of music performed by a principal
performer.
2) Popular music folios derived from sound recordings that contain collections of
music performed by a principal performer.
21.23D. Works by different persons or bodies. No collective title
Principal Performer
See LCRI 21.23C. Works by different persons or bodies. Collective title.
Music Videos & Popular Music Folios
See LCRI 21.23C. Works by different persons or bodies. Collective title.
21.27. Academic Disputations
Do not apply the optional provision of rule 21.27A.
21.28. Related Works
21.28A. Scope
Apply the alternative rule found in footnote 7 to rule 21.28A1.
21.29. General Rule (Added Entries)
Order of Added Entries
Give added entries in the following order:
1) Personal name;
2) Personal name/title;
3) Corporate name;
4) Corporate name/title;
5) Uniform title (all instances of works entered under title);
6) Title traced as Title-period;
7) Title traced as Title-colon, followed by a title;
8) Series.
For arrangement within any one grouping, generally follow the order in which the
justifying data appear in the bibliographic description. If such a criterion is
not applicable, use judgment.
General Material Designations
Although a general material designation (GMD) is given in the title and statement
of responsibility area (LCRI 1.1C), do not use a GMD in added entries, including
added entries for titles, series, and related works.
21.29D.
Sound Recordings
Make added entries for all performers named on a sound recording (persons or
corporate bodies) with the following exceptions:
1) Do not make an added entry for a person who functions entirely or primarily on
the item being cataloged as a member of a corporate body represented by a main or
added entry. Do not consider a conductor or accompanist to be a member of the body
he or she conducts or accompanies. If a person's name appears in conjunction with
the name of a group, determine whether the corporate name includes this personal
name. If the conclusion is that the corporate name does not include the person's
name, do not consider the person a member of the group; if the conclusion is that
it does include the person's name, consider the person to be a member of the
group.
2) If both the chorus and orchestra of an opera company, opera house, etc.,
participate in a performance and both are named, along with the name of the parent
body, make only a single added entry under the heading for the parent body.
source: Bolshoi Theater Orchestra and Chorus
added entry under the heading for the theater
3) When a featured performer is accompanied by an unnamed group that, if it had a
name, would be given an added entry as a corporate body, do not make added entries
for the individual members of the group. Do not, however, apply this exception to
jazz ensembles, even if one or more of the performers is given greater prominence
than the others, i.e., normally make added entries for all the individual
performers (except any who are covered by exceptions 4) and 5) below) in such
cases.
4) Do not make an added entry for a performer who participates in only a small
number of the works in a collection or for a performer whose role is minor (e.g.,
an announcer on a radio program).
5) Do not make an added entry for a performer who receives main entry heading as
principal performer under 21.23C1.
6) If there are many performers performing the same function (e.g., singers in an
opera, actors in a drama), make added entries only for those who are given the
greatest prominence in the chief source of information. If all are given equal
prominence, make added entries only for those who are given prominence over the
others in other places on the sound recording (e.g., the container, the program
booklet) or, if that criterion does not apply, for those performing the most
important functions (e.g., singing the principal roles, acting the principal
parts).
chief source (labels):
L'ELISIR D'AMORE--Highlights
(Donizetti; Romani)
Spiro Malas, Maria Casula, Joan Sutherland,
Luciano Pavarotti, Dominic Cossa
with the Ambrosian Opera Chorus
and the English Chamber Orchestra
conducted by
Richard Bonynge
container:
Donizetti
L'ELISIR D'AMORE Highlights
JOAN SUTHERLAND, LUCIANO PAVAROTTI
Dominic Cossa, Spiro Malas, Maria Casula
Ambrosian Opera Chorus, English Chamber Orchestra
RICHARD BONYNGE
added entries under the headings for Sutherland, Pavarotti, Bonynge, the chorus, and the orchestra
If a performer for whom an added entry would be made according to the guidelines
above is also the composer of one or more works on the recording, make an added
entry to represent the performing function in addition to any name/title access
points (main entry or analytical added entries) made for his or her works.
Audiovisual Materials
In making added entries for audiovisual materials, follow the general rules in
21.29 and apply, in addition to those in 21.30, the following guidelines:
1) Make added entries for all openly named persons or corporate bodies who have
contributed to the creation of the item, with the following exceptions:
a) Do not make added entries for persons (producers, directors, writers, etc.)
if there is a production company, unit, etc., for which an added entry is made,
unless their contributions are significant, e.g., the animator of an animated
film, the producer/ director of a student film, the director of a theatrical film,
the film maker or developer of a graphic item attributed as author on the data
sheet and/or prominently named on the accompanying material ("a film by").
In the absence of a production company, unit, etc., make added entries for those
persons who are listed as producers, directors, and writers. Make additional added
entries for other persons only if their contributions are significant.
b) If a person, filmmaker, developer of a graphic item, etc., is the main entry
heading, do not make added entries for other persons who have contributed to the
production, unless the production is known to be the joint responsibility or
collaboration of the persons or the contributions are significant.
2) Make added entry headings for all corporate bodies named in the publication,
distribution, etc., area.
3) Make added entries for all featured players, performers, and narrators with the
following exceptions:
a) If, for a motion picture or videorecording, the main entry is under the
heading for a performing group (in accordance with 21.1B2e), do not make added entries under the headings for persons performing as members of that group. If a person's name, however, appears in conjunction with and preceding or following the name of the group, do not consider him or her to be a member of the group.
b) If there are many players (actors, actresses, etc.), make added entries
under the headings for those that are given prominence in the chief source of information. If that cannot be used as a criterion, make added entries under the headings for each if there are no more than three.
4) Similarly, make added entries under the headings for persons in a production
who are interviewers or interviewees, delivering lectures, addresses, etc., or
discussing their lives, ideas, work, etc., and who are not chosen as the main
entry heading.
21.29G.
LC practice: Do not apply this rule.
21.30. Specific Rules (Added Entries)
21.30E. Corporate bodies
Conferences
If a corporate body is a sponsor of a conference, make an added entry for the body
named prominently in the item.
LC practice: Effective December 2001, LC enters a work covered by Category D of
21.1B2 under the heading for the name of a conference, expedition, or event if the
name appears anywhere in the item being cataloged (LCRI 21.1B2, Category D). For
the period August 1991- January 1993, LC made an added entry under the heading for
the name of the conference, etc., if the name did not appear on the chief source
but did appear in another prominent source on the item. For the period February
1993-November 2001, LC made an added entry under the heading for the name of the
conference, etc., if the name did not appear on the chief source but did appear
elsewhere in the item. Existing records are generally not changed to reflect
current policy.
Series
If a prominently named corporate body functions as the issuing body for the
series, make an added entry for the body only if it has responsibility for the
work in addition to its responsibility for the series. In case of doubt, make an
added entry.
Sound Recordings
If an added entry is needed on a sound recording for both the chorus and orchestra
of an opera company, opera house, etc., make the added entry for the parent body
alone. If an added entry is needed for the chorus alone or for the orchestra
alone, make the added entry specifically for the body involved.
Serials
LC practice: Make an added entry under the heading for a prominently named
corporate body, unless it functions solely as a publisher, distributor, or
manufacturer.
21.30F. Other related persons or bodies
Art Exhibitions
Make an added entry under the heading for the institution (corporate body) in
which an art exhibition is held. Make the added entry under the heading for each
institution if there are three or fewer, or under the first if there are four or
more.
Festschriften
For Library of Congress descriptive catalogers only: Change also the value in 008
Festschrift to "1" (008/30) of the machine-readable record.
Make an added entry for the person or corporate body honored by a festschrift
whenever the honoree is named on the chief source of information for the item
being cataloged. Make the added entry even if the honoree will also be given
subject access on the same record. (A festschrift is a complimentary or memorial
publication usually in the form of a collection of essays, addresses, or
biographical, bibliographical, scientific, or other contributions, often embodying
the results of research, issued in honor of a person or corporate body, usually on
the occasion of an anniversary celebration.)
21.30H. Other relationships
Added Entries for the Name or Repository Designation of a Manuscript
When the name or repository designation of a manuscript is not used as a subject
(cf. LCRI 25.13) or is not covered by an added entry specified by another rule
(e.g., 21.30J1), make an added entry under the name or the repository designation
provided one or more of the following conditions applies:
1) The work is a facsimile edition of the manuscript.
2) The name or designation appears as part of the title and statement of
responsibility area.
3) The name or designation is given greater emphasis than that given to the author
or title of the work on the title page or in another prominent position, as on the
cover.
4) Bibliographies and other reference sources identify the manuscript by its name
or repository designation rather than by the author or title of the work.
Otherwise, do not make an added entry for the name or repository designation.
Added Entries for the Name of a Collection
For items relating to the holdings of a collection, the Library of Congress
provides subject access to the collection. Therefore, make an added entry for the
name of a collection only when the collection is a corporate body (cf. 21.1B1)
that is prominently named (cf. 21.30E1). (Note: On bibliographic records created
for items within a particular archival collection, an added entry for that
archival collection may be made.)
21.30K
21.30K1. Translators
LC practice: One of the five conditions in rule 21.30K1 for making an added entry
for the translator of a work entered under a personal name heading is that "the
translation is important in its own right." The Library of Congress applies this
condition as follows: Make an added entry under the heading for the translator of
a work of belles lettres when the name of the translator appears on the chief
source of information of the item being cataloged. (Note: This policy is effective
January 1994.)
21.30K2. Illustrators
LC practice: Make an added entry under the heading for an illustrator in all cases
of resources intended for children.
21.30M. Analytical entries
Added Entries for Works
Added
entries for works reflect the type of main entry heading of the work being
cataloged in the tracing as follows:
|
Type of
main entry |
Type of added
entry |
|
Personal or corporate name heading |
Name heading/uniform title |
|
Title |
Uniform title |
|
Uniform title (e.g., Bible) |
Uniform title |
The phrase "added entries for works" in these
instructions is intended to encompass all the various types of added entries
listed above.
Added entries for works are of two types: analytical and simple. They are made on
the basis of various rules, some of which prescribe an analytical added entry in
explicit terms, others of which do not. Whenever the added entry is made to
furnish an access point to a work contained in the item being cataloged, it should
be an analytical added entry (e.g., 21.7B1, 21.13B1, 21.19A1). If the added entry
serves only to provide an approach to the item being cataloged through a related
work, however, and the text of this work is not present in the item being
cataloged, then a simple added entry for the work is appropriate (e.g., 21.12B1,
21.28B1, 21.30G1).
The relationship that is expressed between works by means of an added entry,
either analytical or simple, is limited to a single access point, namely, that of
the main entry. An added entry in the form of the main entry heading for a work
provides the sole access to the work it represents in the tracing on the catalog
record for another work; do not trace in addition any added entries for that
work's title (when main entry is under a name heading), joint author, editor,
compiler, translator, etc.
Analytical Added Entries
Formulate
analytical added entries as follows:
|
Type of analytical
added entry |
Components |
|
Names heading/title |
Heading in cataloging entry form plus uniform title |
|
Title |
Uniform title |
|
Uniform title (e.g., Bible) |
Uniform title |
In addition, following the uniform title, provide the language (if appropriate).
For the Bible and the collective uniform titles "Works" and "Selections," provide
the elements appropriate to these uniform titles as called for in the relevant
rules and LCRIs: for the Bible, 25.18A; for "Works," LCRI 25.8; for "Selections,"
LCRI 25.9. Note that all of these specify including in the uniform title the year
of publication of the item being cataloged.
In making analytical added entries, note especially the following details:
1) Do not abbreviate the names of languages.
2) For the Bible and the collective uniform titles noted above that include the
year of publication, formulate the year according to the guideline stated in LCRI
25.8.
3) Do not enclose uniform titles within brackets.
4) Do not give in the tracing a title found in the item being cataloged that is
different from the uniform title.
Simple Added Entries
Formulate
simple added entries as follows:
|
Type of simple added entry |
Components |
|
Names heading/title |
Heading in cataloging entry form plus uniform title |
|
Title |
Uniform title |
|
Uniform title (e.g., Beowulf) |
Uniform title |
Note that subject entries for works are formulated in the same
manner as simple added entries.
Taken from
Library of Congress Rule Interpretations
Copyright
(c)2004 by the Library of Congress except within the