H 1916.3 Music: General
BACKGROUND: This
instruction sheet provides a general overview of the assignment of subject
headings for all materials in the field of music. Specific instructions are
given in other instruction sheets, especially those listed in sec. 1., below.
1. Most-commonly-used
instruction sheets. The following instruction sheets are of particular
importance for the assignment of subject headings to music materials.
Establishing and
constructing headings:
H 250 Music Form Heading
Authority Records
H 1917.5 Music
Form/Genre Headings: Medium of Performance
H 1918 Musical
Instruments
Musical instruments:
H 1918 Musical
Instruments
Assigning subject
headings:
H 1917.5 Music
Form/Genre Headings: Medium of Performance
H 1916.5 Jazz and
Popular Music
H 1917 Music of Ethnic,
National, and Religious Groups
H 1438 Composers and
Works about Music of Individual Composers
Free-floating
subdivisions:
H 1160 Pattern Headings:
Musical Compositions
H 1161 Pattern Headings:
Musical Instruments
H 2075 Songs and Music
H 2190 Texts
2.
Most-commonly-expressed concepts in subject headings for music: Outline. The
concepts listed below are frequently encountered in the cataloging of music
materials. The expression of these concepts in the assignment of headings
depends on the type of work being cataloged, as explained in sec. 3, below.
Concept Examples
a. Musical form, genre,
type,etc.
650 #0 $a Symphonies.
650 #0 $a Fox trots.
650 #0 $a Villancicos
(Music).
b. Medium of performance
650 #0 $a Orchestral
music.
650 #0 $a Trios (Piano,
flute, violin)
650 #0 $a Songs (High
voice) with piano.
c. Music for occasions,
such as religious seasons, holidays, festivals
650 #0 $a April Fools'
Day $v Songs and music.
650 #0 $a Christmas
music.
650 #0 $a Passover
music.
650 #0 $a Reformation
Festival music.
d. Music about a topic
or a person or other named entity
650 #0 $a Dogs $v Songs
and music.
600 10 $a Lincoln,
Abraham, $d 1809-1865 $v Songs and music.
e. Language of vocal
text
650 #0 $a Ballads,
English.
650 #0 $a Folk songs,
Norwegian.
f. Certain liturgical
texts
650 #0 $a Psalms (Music)
$v 23rd Psalm.
g. Musical style
650 #0 $a Rock music.
650 #0 $a Jazz.
650 #0 $a Gospel music.
h. Music of ethnic,
national, and religious groups
650 #0 $a Quechua
Indians $v Music.
650 #0 $a Hindu music.
650 #0 $a Baptists $v
Hymns.
i. Musical presentation
or format subdivisions
650 #0 $a Piano trios $v
Scores and parts.
650 #0 $a Popular music
$v Fake books.
j. Geographic
subdivisions
650 #0 $a Musical
instruments $z Uganda.
k. Literature and other
materials about music; instructional materials
650 #0 $a Popular music
$x History and criticism.
650 #0 $a Clarinet $x
History.
650 #0 $a Percussion
instruments.
650 #0 $a Harmony.
650 #0 $a Violin $v
Studies and exercises.
3.
Most-commonly-expressed concepts in subject headings for music: Summary of
practice. The guidelines below provide basic information on the formulation of
subject headings for music materials. The first two concepts, 2.a. and 2.b.,
are frequently combined to formulate one heading.
a. Musical form, genre,
type, etc. Terms that exemplify this concept appear as the initial element of a
subject heading, such as Cantatas, Sacred; Carnatic music; Sonatas; Quintets.
These terms may be used alone or may be followed by various qualifiers for
medium of performance, language, and other aspects as described below and in
other instruction sheets.
See H 250 and H 1917.5
for instructions on creating headings for musical form, genre, type, etc.
b. Medium of
performance. Medium of performance in music subject headings includes a
statement of instrumental, vocal, and/or other "performance forces."
The medium of performance can appear as the heading itself, as in Piano music;
String orchestra music; in a parenthetical qualifier, as in Sonatas (Violin and
piano); or added at the end of the heading following the connecting word
"with," as in Songs (High voice) with piano. Medium of performance
may also be expressed in a format subdivision for musical presentation, as in
–Vocal scores with piano.
In some cases the medium
of performance is not stated because it is implied by the musical form named in
the heading. For example, the heading Symphonies does not include the qualifier
"(Orchestra)" because orchestra is typically the medium of
performance of a symphony; the heading reflects the assumption that the work
being cataloged is for orchestra. However, if the form named in the heading is
not performed as assumed, indicate the actual medium of performance by a
parenthetical qualifier, as in Symphonies (Band).
The subject authority
record indicates whether a specific medium of performance has been assumed for
headings of this type. See H 1917.5 for specific instructions on expressing
medium of performance in music subject headings.
c. Music for occasions
such as religious seasons, holidays, festivals.
Examples:
650 #0 $a Ascension Day
music.
650 #0 $a Corpus Christi
Festival music.
650 #0 $a Earth Day $v
Songs and music.
650 #0 $a Memorial
music.
650 #0 $a Synagogue
music $v Day of Atonement services.
650 #0 $a Tenebrae
service music.
650 #0 $a Wedding music.
d. Music about a topic
or a person or other named entity. For an individual musical work or a
collection of music about a topic or a person or other named entity, add the
subdivision –Songs and music to a 6XX heading for that topic or person, etc. If
the musical work is dramatic and can be staged, such as an opera or a ballet,
add the subdivision –Drama instead.
See H 2075 for specific
instructions on applying the free-floating subdivision -Songs and music.
e. Language of vocal
text. The language of the text of vocal music is expressed by an inverted
phrase heading. Examples:
650 #0 $a Ballads,
English.
650 #0 $a Carols,
French.
650 #0 $a Folk songs,
Norwegian.
650 #0 $a Hymns,
English.
650 #0 $a Buddhist
hymns, Japanese.
650 #0 $a Part songs,
Italian.
650 #0 $a Songs,
Spanish.
Do not add the language
to headings for sacred songs or sacred part songs. Instead, generally assign a
second heading for the form without the term "sacred." Examples:
650 #0 $a Sacred songs.
650 #0 $a Songs,
Provençal.
650 #0 $a Part songs,
Sacred.
650 #0 $a Part songs,
Italian.
f. Certain liturgical
texts. Subject headings may be established for certain liturgical texts.
Headings for these texts set to music may also be established by adding the
qualifier (Music). For psalms set to music, a subdivision for the number of the
psalm may be established. Examples:
650 #0 $a Ave Maria
(Music)
650 #0 $a Magnificat
(Music)
650 #0 $a Te Deum
laudamus (Music)
650 #0 $a Psalms (Music)
$v 150th Psalm.
g. Musical style. Many
headings for types of popular music and non-Western music are terms for musical
style. The principal instruction sheets for assigning headings in this category
are H 1916.5, Jazz and Popular Music, and H 1917, Music of Ethnic, National,
and Religious Groups.
h. Music of ethnic,
national, and religious groups. There are prescribed combinations of subject
headings for works that consist of or discuss the music of ethnic groups, music
with national emphasis, music of individual religious groups, and non-Western
art music, including works about the musical instruments of these groups. See H
1917 for instructions on applying these headings.
i. Musical presentation
or format subdivisions. Subdivisions are added to certain form/genre headings
in order to identify the physical format of written or printed music. See H
1160 for instructions on applying these subdivisions and for a list of them.
j. Geographic
subdivisions. In general, geographic subdivisions are added to music subject
headings according to the provisions of H 690 through H 1055. For instructions
on the geographic subdivision of headings for ethnic, national, and religious
groups, see H 1917. For instructions on the geographic subdivision of jazz and
popular music headings, see H 1916.5.
k. Literature and other
materials about music; instructional materials.
(1) Subdivisions added
to headings in concepts 3.a.-3.h., above. In general, headings distinguish
between printed, manuscript, and performed manifestations of musicthe music
itselfand materials about music. Headings for literature, etc., about musical
works that would be assigned headings of the types described in sec. 3.a.-3.h.,
above, are often formulated by adding the free-floating subdivision -History
and criticism to the heading or headings that would be assigned to the music.
Numerous other
free-floating subdivisions may also be added. Examples:
650 #0 $a Ballets $v
Stories, plots, etc.
650 #0 $a Blues (Music)
$v Discography.
650 #0 $a Chamber music
$v Bibliography $v Catalogs.
650 #0 $a Concertos
(Violin) $x Analysis, appreciation.
650 #0 $a Operas $x
Characters.
(2) Other headings for
music materials. Certain other subject headings are used only for materials
about music or for instructional works, a hybrid category that includes both
musical compositions and works of music theory, pedagogy, and performance
technique. Listed below are specific types of such materials with
representative headings for each type.
See H 1160 and H 1161
for subdivisions that may be added to these headings.
Musical instruments and
their construction, maintenance, etc.
650 #0 $a Piano.
650 #0 $a Piano $x
Customizing.
650 #0 $a Piano $x
History.
650 #0 $a Piano $x
Maintenance and repair.
Analysis and
appreciation of music
650 #0 $a Musical
analysis.
650 #0 $a Music appreciation.
650 #0 $a Schenkerian
analysis.
Music theory
650 #0 $a Counterpoint.
650 #0 $a Harmony.
650 #0 $a Music $x
Acoustics and physics.
650 #0 $a Music theory.
Composition, arranging,
etc.
650 #0 $a Arrangement
(Music)
650 #0 $a Composition
(Music)
650 #0 $a Computer
composition.
650 #0 $a
Instrumentation and orchestration.
650 #0 $a Popular music
$x Writing and publishing.
Performing
650 #0 $a Choral
conducting.
650 #0 $a Conducting.
650 #0 $a Music $x
Performance.
650 #0 $a Performance
practice (Music)
650 #0 $a Singing $x
Interpretation (Phrasing, dynamics, etc.)
Instrumental and vocal
techniques
650 #0 $a Guitar $v
Studies and exercises (Jazz)
650 #0 $a Piano $v
Methods $v Juvenile.
650 #0 $a Saxophone $x
Multiphonics.
650 #0 $a Choral singing
$x Intonation.
(3) Summary of
instruction sheets for headings that exemplify concept 3.k. The following
instruction sheets provide guidance for particular situations:
(a) Works about
individuals, families, classes of persons, or corporate bodies.
Composers and Works
about Music of Individual Composers H 1438
Biography H 1330
Free-floating
Subdivisions: Names of Persons H 1110
Free-floating
Subdivisions: Names of Families H 1120
Free-floating
Subdivisions: Classes of Persons H 1100
Free-floating
Subdivisions: Corporate Bodies H 1105
(b) Geographic,
chronological, and form subdivisions; chronology.
Chronological Headings
and Subdivisions H 620
Music: Jazz and Popular
Music H 1916.5
Music of Ethnic, National,
and Religious Groups H 1917
Pattern Headings:
Musical Compositions H 1160
Chronology H 1367
(c) Musical instruments.
Musical Instruments H
1918
Music of Ethnic,
National, and Religious Groups H 1917
Pattern Headings:
Musical Instruments H 1160
Collections of Objects
[for collections of instruments] H 1427
Catalogs H 1360
Free-floating
Subdivisions: Names of Families H 1120
(d) Works about musical
compositions by an individual composer.
Composers and Works
about Music of Individual Composers H 1438
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