Roman Empire
(Part I)
I. How
do we know?
A.
Writings
1.
Roman historians
a) praiseworthy:
Polybius, Livy, Tacitus
b) critical:
Josephus, Augustine
2.
documents
a)
Cicero
b) Julius
Caesar
B.
Artifacts
1.
infrastructure
2.
coins & statues
3.
Pompeii
II.
Geography: RomeÕs location
A.
Apennine Mountains & Adriatic Sea
B.
Tiber River & Latium
C.
Mediterranean = Mare Nostrum ("Our Sea")
III.
Rome Before Empire
A.
Founded the city of Rome (est. 753 B.C.E.)
--
Romulus & Remus
B.
Rules by Etruscan kings
C.
Roman Republic (est. 509 B.C.E.)
1.
structure of government
a) comitia
centuriata
b) consuls,
praetors, tribunes, quaestors, etc.
c)
senate
2.
Struggle of the Orders = patricians & plebeians
a) general
strike (494 B.C.E.)
b) concilium
plebis (471 B.C.E.)
c) Twelve
Tables (451 B.C.E.)
d)
allowed to intermarry (445 B.C.E.)
e)
first plebeian consul (360 B.C.E.)
D.
Conquest & Expansion
1.
Italy (by 264 B.C.E.)
a) forming
alliances
b) extending
citizenship
2.
Carthage
a) First
Punic War (264 -241 B.C.E.)
--
Sicily
b) Second
Punic War ( 218-202 B.C.E.)
--
Hannibal
--
Scipio Africanus
c) Third
Punic War (149-146 B.C.E.)
3.
Greeks
a) Macedonia
(168 B.C.E.)
b) Pergamum
(133 B.C.E.)
4.
Other areas
a)
Syria & Judaea (by 63 B.C.E.)
b)
Gaul (49 B.C.E.)
c)
Egypt (31 B.C.E.)
IV. From
Republic to Empire
A.
Julies Caesar (r. 47-44 B.C.E.)
B.
Augustus Caesar (r. 27 B.C.E. - 14 C.E.)
1. imperator & princeps
2. peace & trade
3. conservative policies