RECOLLECTIONS AND DEDUCTIONS OF A POOR INVENTOR

       By Frederick Richard Morton (1882-1963)

     (Transcription and added headings by grandson Bruce E. Morton, 1988.  See Genealogy for Photos)

 

1.  Young Fred Learns to Always Ask the Why of Things

The writer does not pose as one who has never made mistakes or suffered losses.  But he is one who believes that we men as a whole profit spiritually by our mistakes and by our failures.  By profiting spiritually we may profit in every good way.

  

When I was a small teen-ager in about the sixth or seventh grade (~1895) in one of our public schools, the County School Superintendent stopped at the school where I attended and gave us a very good and instructive talk.  I remember that there was one particular point, which he stressed that stood out above everything else that he brought to us that day.   That is what I wish to consider here.  He said, “Always ask the Why”. If our minds are in the inquiring mood or state, we shall be able to learn much that shall be helpful to us in our everyday living.   

 

If there ever was a time when we should ask the “Why”, it is now.  Why are we, the peoples of this earth here?  Why are we doing as we do?  Why have we been so slow in learning how to live peaceably and happily together?  Is there a simple and plain course, which has been hidden from our sight, which if discovered and followed would clear the skies for all of us?  When one comes to the hour when he must close his eyes in the sleep of death, may he lie down in peace a confidence knowing that he shall be raised to immortality when the giver of life shall appear?

2.  Fred Morton Turns to the Bible in an Attempt to Answer Life’s Big Whys.

We may not fully answer all of these questions here.  But, we may each of us think and go to the word of God, and we may find a partial answer to all of them.  Would we be wrong in saying that first we should put away all doubt and build up our faith in Christ who gave Himself for us?  He is all wise and
all-powerful.  He was instrumental in the creation of all things.  We learn this fact from the reading of the Word. (Four pages of Biblical exegesis follow, which are deleted here.  They amount to a fundamentalist personification of the Creative Universe the form of an all-wise, knowing, and powerful God, controlling everything.)  
 

3.  Having Posed the Big Questions Troubling Him, Fred Morton Begins the Case in Point:  His Own Career:

 

MUSINGS of a MODERN INVENTOR by Fredrick R. Morton

4.  Illustrations of Fred Morton’s View:  that Inventors are Used by God to Save Mankind,               while Greed to take Profit is the Root of all Evil 

It cannot be denied that the desire for money has to a very great extent entered into the manufacture and use of the great inventions of today.  The bulk of these inventions are from Christ Himself.  They are brought to us so that a quick work may be done to warn and prepare us for His second coming
when He shall take unto Himself those who have believed on Him and are saved from their sins. 

There is a great difference however between the inventor and the investor  (in most cases).  The very spirit of God we may truthfully say has worked to bring to us right inventions.  This spirit has laid hold upon the inventor and his mind and body work to produce what he has in mind.  The desire for money is the lesser force, which (also) urges him on. (However), the desire to benefit mankind is the compelling force.

 

The inventor and the investor unite in their endeavor to produce the product.  It is too bad that so often there is disappointment for both of them.  Though the product may go to the people, the poor inventor goes to his rest a poor man.  We may believe that God’s eye is resting on him and that
some day if true to Him he will be repaid. So, often the honest investor is disappointed.  The eye of the Lord we may know is (also) upon him.   He who sees the sparrow fall takes note of him.  It may not be in this presen day life, but in the life to come they both may be recompensed.

 

“The love of money is the root of all evil  (I Tim. 6:30).  Because of the love in the heart of money, money receives its great power.  This power is exercised far beyond sound reason and justice.  It affects the attitude of nation toward nation, because it is in the heart of single individuals to use it for their own personal glory and seeming apparent benefit.  The attitude of nations may change toward one another when and if the individuals living within them are converted.  Surely the message of the soon coming of Jesus must take in these thoughts.  IF MEN DO NOT REPENT, IF THE NATIONS DO NOT CHANGE, SURE DESTRUCTION AWAITS THEM.

We may and should look at many things from many angles. These wonderful labor saving and time saving machines and devices have come to us to supply a need.  Take the automatic washing machine for instance. I well remember seeing my mother and older sisters bending over the old washboard as
they put out the weeks washing for our large family.  What a blessing the automatic washing machine was when it came into our homes!  Who would wish to return to the old days and see his loved ones labor as they used to labor.  
 

5.  Fred Morton’s View that He was Inspired by God to Invent an Earth Mover as a Fulfillment to Bible Prophesy so that Roads could be Built to Enable God’s Message of Salvation to be Spread to the Ends of the Earth: 

As an illustration of how need has created a demand for these things, I wish to cite one particular thing that has been brought to us which (has) acted as a forward step in our realization of better things. The following story reveals something of the hardship through which the inventor (in most cases) may have to pass. It leaves bare the fact that these improvements have come at great cost to so many.

 

We have our beautiful, durable streets and highways.  They are built precisely after the blueprint given to us by God as He speaks through the voice of one crying (out) in the wilderness.  These blueprints are found in Isaiah 40:3,4. We read these blueprints again in Luke 3:4,5.  These blueprints were
perfect and needed no changing.  “The valleys have been filled and the mountains and hills have been brought low, the crooked has been made straight and the rough ways have been made smooth.”  This is for a purpose.  These highways were built for our God so that He through men may hasten the message of love for God and man.

These highways cross and re-cross our nation and lead to other nations.  They are being built in virtually every nation on earth today.  This has required machinery.  The aged among us may look back a few years to the very time when this great (modern) work began.   Though it was the will of God that it should be done, over 2600 years have passed since Isaiah penned the instructions.  True, the above prophecy (also) points to Christ and to His work, so there is a broad and double meaning in it for all of us.  We may see God’s hand in all of it.  Let us remember this thought:  God works through man. 

6.  Fred Morton’s Narrative Begins, How Fields Were Leveled And Roads Were Built In The Past:

About “70 years ago” in Fresno, California (about 1888), the writer looked out of the schoolroom window, as he recalls it now, and saw several men at work on the dirt road by which the schoolhouse stood. Some of them were working with shovels, and some with scrapers, which were drawn by horses.  The scrapers consisted of a bowl with a bottom in it; similar to what was know as the Fresno Scraper, which had been invented just prior to this time.  The Fresno Scraper was soon known throughout the nation.   

 

The scraper with which these men were working had a few improvements making for lighter draft (on the horses).  That is, it was carried on two wheels about four feet in height  (instead of the skids of the usual scraper).  (Because the bowl could be lifted from the ground with its load, thus eliminating friction (this modified scraper could be used in moving dirt to greater distances). 

They used what was called a “snatch team” in loading the scraper.  One man stayed with a span of horses at the point of loading.  He would attach his team to the tongue of the scraper just in front of the team that was drawing it and the two teams or four horses would load the bowl.  It was then
raised, the snatch team detached, and the driver proceeded with his load as the man with the snatch team helped to fill another scraper.  This was the “last word” we might say of dirt moving and on road building.   
 

 

Needless to say, there was very little bringing low of hills and mountains or filling of valleys.  They went up over the hills and down through the valleys and followed the course of least resistance.  Many of our roads were very crooked.  Horses and mules were used universally as motive power for farm
and roadwork  
 

7.  New Mechanization Developments in California bring New Problems to Solve:

Just few years later when I was in my early teens I heard a strange sound out on the road.  Looking I saw one of the first small-wheel tractors which had been factory built and was to be found on many farms in later years.  It was an about ten-horse power machine and was very efficient in the cultivating and of plowing our vineyards.   I had been thinking of such a machine (myself) and had built one using an old Mitchell auto engine for power.  So I was especially interested in it. There were a few larger tractors such as the Holt and the Best tractors that were being built in Stockton, California.  But these small wheel tractors had a special appeal to the small farmer and to the smaller dirt mover.   

 

They say “Everything has it drawbacks” and it was found that the weak point in the work of the small wheel tractor was on the point of dirt moving.  They could be used efficiently in drawing the cultivator and the plow.  The weight of the soil is around 3000 pounds to the cubic yard.  These tractors could load and draw around a third of a yard of dirt, or 1000-pound weight very successfully on solid footing.  But on every job where dirt is moved, the moment comes when dirt must be carried over loose dirt, as the fills are made.  When passing over loose dirt the tendency was to overload the tractor.  There is where the trouble was found. To overcome this drawback was the problem.

 

As the scraper reaches the loose dirt, it naturally settles into it, and would inevitably take on additional dirt.  Generally, the tractor wheels being in loose dirt would lose their traction and begin to settle down lower and lower until the axle or differential housing rested on the ground and the wheels were turning in mid air, so to speak.  Then, the operator was forced to remove the dirt from beneath the portion of the tractor that was resting on the ground, drop the load and try again.

Around the city of Fresno and through the central part of the San-Juaquin Valley, before the hand of man took over, much of the land was of a very peculiar formation. This land was called “Hog Wallow” land. Whole sections of land consisted of small hills and hollows.  The tops of these little hills would be approximately 30 to 60 feet apart and would be 2 ½ to 3 feet high, and in some places 4 to 6 feet.  It was just as though a herd of swine had been wallowing in the mud and had left it, all roughed up, to dry.  So it was termed HOG WALLOW land.

In leveling or in grading this land, first it was plowed. Then the scraper was brought in and the operator of the same would look over the portion of the land, which he proposed to level or grade, and decide from which hill he should take his first load of dirt.  The first load was taken from this hill, and generally, it was dumped into the nearest low spot.  As the work progressed, naturally conditions were changing.

 

The tops of the hills were easily drawn down into the low places.  Soon, however, the low places began to be filled with loose dirt that was dry, if working in the summer months. If (one were) working in the winter months, it would be damp.  But of course it (too) would be loose and soft.

8.  Fred Morton’s Early Experiences in Earth Moving Technology:

Before the tractor came in, the writer had graded many acres of this kind of land, using horses and mules to draw the scrapers.  He found that by using certain tactics, he could keep the scraper blade from drawing into this loose dirt, and thus overloading the animals as he was taking the load to the desired spot.  By putting ones entire weight upon the lever by which the scraper was manipulated, the blade would point slightly upward, and the loose dirt which was being pushed before it, would slide beneath the bowl, and the bulk of the dirt which was in the bowl would slide over it, thus allowing the remaining portion to be drawn on to the calculated place of unloading without extra burden being placed upon the stock.

 

This laborious work of walking all day behind a Fresno Scraper started me to wondering if there might be an easier and more efficient way to do this kind of work.   When the small wheel tractors came in to handle this work the trouble began, as stated above.

9.  Necessity Once Again the Mother of Invention:  Fred Morton Begins to Solve a Problem:

By this time, the writer had become deeply interested in building a machine that would eliminate friction and which could be operated by the tractor driver.  (I should use the pronoun I, for the writer was myself).  I had previously built several machines which were mounted on wheels and which might be drawn by either horses or by tractors.  With these, an extra man was needed to operate them. Though good work could be done with them, I realized that they did not fully supply the need.  I built still another machine, using pulleys and belts properly arranged to raise and lower the blade.  This one could be operated by the tractor driver (alone).

 

About this time a nephew of mine who had been in the Army across the seas came home.  We took up work as partners and worked so for one year.  I should mention that these machines that I had, had been built on spare time, so to say.  The needs of our family, there being six children, were met by the joint work of my wife, and myself.  She worked as a nurse, and I as a pumping plant installer and repairman as well as a grading contractor.

 

All the former machines had been built having wooden frames.  A certain dealer said that if we would build them of metal, not using wood in its construction, he would contract to take all of them that we could build.  The world again began to look very bright.  I had in mind an all-metal machine, using a right and left clutch with sprocket and chain to operated the blade. We built this machine.  We debated for some time as to the size of the bowl that we should use.  Eventually we decided to increase the size.

 

We finished the machine, and in about the month of August, when the soil as dry, we took it into the field.  We had worked but a short time until we realized that we had built the bowl too large.  Though the mechanism worked perfectly, the tractor could not pass through the loose dry dirt, and take its full load.  We were terribly disappointed.  We were tired from our hours of hard overtime work.  Our money was gone, and we felt we must give it up.

 

About a month later, we happened to meet in an implement house one day, purchasing parts for pumping plant repairing.  We got to talking about the scraper.  It had been my child so to speak, and I could not forget it and give it up.  There was a terrible need; and I felt in my innermost soul that God was helping me. I could find a way to produce what was needed.  We were dissolving our partnership, and I proposed to him that I pay him for all the work that he had put in on it, figuring half the incidental, materials and so forth.  I proposed to continue on alone.  He accepted the proposition, we settled, and each was again separate.   

10.  Fred Morton Invents His Own Earth Mover:

Winter came on and I decided to do my work on the machine first on paper, drawing out my plans and studying them carefully, before building anything.  I seemed able to see clearly the defects.  In fact I believe that the Master Builder was guiding my thoughts. I drew out several plans in this way before the very thing that I wanted (needed) came to me.  One night about midnight as I studied and planned, the light broke through.  At that moment I already knew what I had, just as well as I did several years later after I had built and sold several of them.   They were a perfect success; automatically protecting the tractor against overload, and at the same time eliminating friction to the extent that the light wheel tractor could, and did, haul twice the load that it could haul with the Fresno or other scrapers of that type, and without danger of stalling.

 

We termed it the Morton-Hackney Self Governing Scraper. I say we, and I (must) mention Dr. Hackney.  Dr Hackney had been watching me in my efforts to build a suitable dirt mover.  When he saw that I really had the machine that would work practically in all places at all times, protecting the tractor automatically, and moving so much more dirt, he wanted to invest in it.  He made his proposition and we worked for several years as partners, sharing equally in the building.  He, however, doing no manual labor, but furnishing the necessary money for purchasing of materials, keeping the building going, and the selling of the machine.  This was his proposition to me, and the basis on which we worked.  Later, we had had our eyes opened to the difficulties which one meets in the building and selling of such a machine (even the most simple gadget brings great problems to those who invent it, and in the building and selling). Then, he decided, as he said, that “he had bit off more than he could chew”, and gave it up for good. 

   

11.  Fred Morton Describes the Essence of His Invention:              

I am not going into minute details as I write down these things, but am speaking only of these which may be considered as high points. This will enable the reader to get some idea of how it is that the very good things that we have to use, have come at so great a cost to both the inventor and to the investor.  And, it may be right now that the reader is asking the “Why”.  I hear some one say, “I would like to see a clear picture of this machine.  Why did it work so perfectly?  And, working so well, why did you not realize great profits from the manufacture and sale of it?  What hindered you?   

 

As to its efficiency, I shall mention a few of many tests and operations which it was constantly put through, which shall place the mind of the reader to rest on that point.  But first, may I give a brief description of its mechanism? That night, around 12 o’clock, as I said, the light broke through.  I had been thinking:  if I could construct a machine so that if the natural pull on the tractor was increased from any cause whatever, the blade of the scraper would automatically be raised, (then) that would be the answer to all our troubles in grading the land.  I also knew that at (other) times, it would be necessary to hold the blade down and keep it from rising.  This would (also) bring added pull at the hitch, as when picking up a load in hard ground.  I knew that it must be so constructed that it would automatically take care of this point also.

 

The machine that came to my mind, so vividly, would take care of these points and more.  This machine consisted of two frames.  The main frame was built much as I had built it on the other machines, having two wheels at the rear of the frame.  Another frame, a sub-frame, should carry the bowl with its cutting blade, which would pick up and carry the load.  The sub-frame was carried on two rollers, one on either side.  These rollers rested on steel tracks, welded securely to the main frame, one on each side.

 

The rear end of the sub-frame was held at a given elevation while the front portion that carried the bowl was raised or lowered as the rollers passed up and down in the loading and unloading of the dirt.

These tracks had to be built on a steep incline, so that the bowl, which had a solid bottom in it would rise high enough to allow the dirt to pass beneath the blade when dumping in a given spot or when spreading.  When spreading and in dumping, the bowl rose and tipped forward. As the last dirt was released, it automatically rocked back and locked in a horizontal position.  When it was desired to reload, the operator pulled on a rope, thus releasing the lock the held it at the top of the track allowing the rollers which carried to come back to the bottom of the tracks.  This brought the blade to the ground where it automatically locked in its cutting position so that as the tractor proceeded, it began to take on a new load.

 

When the bowl was loaded to its capacity or to the capacity of the tractor, a quick light jerk was made on this same rope. This released the lock, which was holding it down and the pull of the tractor brought the blade out of its cutting position and stopped its scraping motion.  The thing that made this possible was the principle of one frame working against the other frame, or in other words the rollers that carried the sub-frame were always pressed firmly against the tracks.  This result was obtained through a set of two levers; one end of each being secured to the main frame near its front portion while from the other end a chain ran to the tractor hitch.  These levers had a series of holes drilled near their centers that were used for the sake of adjustment.  One could adjust the scraper to tractors of varying horsepower by shifting the clevises into different holes.  Chains ran from the clevises to the end (inside) of the scraper bowl so that they would pivot, one at each end.  When the pull of the tractor came upon these chains and levers, the sub-frame with its load rose on its rollers until the scraping motion was stopped.  The deep bowl with its load could then be carried along to the place of unloading.

 

When the scraper blade reached the loose fills, the added pull would cause the rollers to rise on the tracks (the locking device being released) just far enough to allow the loose dirt to slide beneath the blade.  And one could always place his last load as easily as he could the first one.  There was no more stalling of the tractor.  If one wished to do so he could elevate the load clear of the ground and take it away in high gear.  For short hauls this was not done because considerable loose dirt could be pushed before the blade.  It was a point of gain to take this loose dirt the few feet on into the low spot. With dry ocean beach sand or sand of that nature, one case in 1000, hydraulic control was necessary.

12.  Performance of Fred Morton’s Self-Governing Scraper

I have given a fairly thorough description of the machine as I saw it that night.  Now I wish to speak of some of the tests that it was put through in selling (demonstrations) and in actual working (conditions).

 

One of the first men to use the Self-Governing Scraper was a man who was grading a tract of Hog Wallow land.  He was using a Fordson Tractor, and as usual because of the facts already mentioned, he had been having trouble.  He was not able to purchase a machine, but we arranged to let him use one.  He used it for several months, and completed his work with it.  The following is a portion of a letter that we received from him telling of his experience with it.

 

“Having used the ordinary scraper in my farm tractor work, and having used your improved scraper and land leveler, I find that your style and construction of scraper is far superior to (that of) the ordinary scraper.  I shall be very glad to recommend it whenever, and wherever I have the opportunity.  Its self-governing properties are all that you have claimed.  With your scraper, it was always easy to handle its original load which was nearly double that of other scrapers.  Yours is considerably more readily handled and one could without trouble always put the load in the desired spot.  I have on several occasions to please spectators held the bowl down until the tractor wheels had lost tracking and the Fordson was resting on its drawbar, and then released the bowl.  The tractor has always climbed out of the holes in which it was resting taking out the full load of dirt.  Its spreading features are perfect.  I consider it to be an all-round practical scraper.”   

13.  Early Attempts to Market the Morton Earth Mover:

I could tell of so many encouraging things that tended to urge us on in our endeavor to put the new scraper on the market.  As we saw the success of the small machines and took into consideration the fact that there were tractors of much greater horse-power being used in both field work and in road building, I naturally designed a larger scraper to be used with them.  I began to try to interest the owners of the larger tractors in the machine. It soon became plain that we were being watched by those who had manufacturing interests.  We received a letter from a large manufacturing plant in California asking us to come to their plant, as they were interested in buying us out, or in building it on a royalty basis.  They said that they wanted to put this scraper out as a leader for a special sized tractor that they were building.

 

We decided to go to see them the following day. Early that morning a young man with whom I had earlier talked to about buying a large machine came to see me and said, “I want one of your large machines.  I have a contract to grade a large tract of land at ---- and if you can build me one that will move as much a 3 yards per load, I’ll get rich on this job. I have a 60 horse-power Holt tractor.” I said, “Well, we can build you one that will handle 5 yards, or more, and you can pull it with your 60 horse-power tractor.  But, we cannot take your order this morning.”  I told him we were going to see this Tractor Manufacturing Company (right away) and that if we were able to do business with them, we would tell them of his desire to purchase one of them.

 

He begged me to take his order and send for the steel first, and then go and see the Company.  He was so persistent that I agreed to talk to my partner and see what he thought about it.  When my partner learned of this man’s interest, he was pleased.  It seemed that our prayers were being answered. So he said, “Lets take his order and stay away from the Tractor Company until we have it built and working. Then, we can go and see the company.” He said, “It’s like a mine.  The prospector goes out and finds a piece of quartz on the hillside, out of which may be protruding wires of gold.  He knows that there is a mine there.  But not until he tunnels back into the hillside does he have a real mine.”  We could not get rid of the desire to build a large machine of greater capacity.  So, we decided to take his order and to wait till later to go and see the manufacturing Company.  We then would (indeed) have more to offer them.

   

(Because) the machinery that we were using in our building (program) was so light, we could not easily handle the heavier steel materials required for a larger scraper.  So, it took myself and two other men nearly three months to finish it (the larger prototype).  It was a success and would handle up to seven yards of dirt at a single load.   

 

It was so much of a success that he wanted us to build him another one just like it.  He said he could pull them both with his tractor, as it had plenty of power. I felt that there would be difficulty in loading and in unloading two machines, working side-by-side as he proposed to use them, so we did not attempt it. This well-meaning young man became offended at us and hired another shop to build him two machines unlike ours. He arranged them behind his tractor according to his plans, and failed completely to operate them.  Money that he should have put into gasoline to keep his work going went into these machines.  He had not paid us for our machine and he was though.  We had to repossess our machine and he was broke. How sad that these disappointments come to well-meaning people.  But the urge to build still larger machines was ever with us.

14.  Further Attempts at Marketing the Morton Earth Mover:

There was a certain cotton raising company, which had a number of cotton gins scattered throughout the San Joaquin Valley.  They were expanding: grading and planting large acreages of Hog Wallow land and (other) rolling land in Madera and Merced counties in California.  One day I met the foreman of this company and told him of our machine.  They were using nine small John Deer wheel tractors and one 60 H.P. tractor in their work.  He wanted me to take our large scraper, and also a small one, and demonstrate them on the job in Madera country.  He assured me that if they worked as I had told him they would, that we would surely be able to sell them several of them.

 

Later after we had used them, we received a letter from him that reads as follows: “To whom it may concern.  I have been using Mr. Fred R. Morton’s Dirt Mover in a test against other scrapers, using both large and small (models), and am pleased to say (that) without a doubt it is superior both in the quantity of dirt moved and the ease with which it is done to any implement I have ever used.  I honestly believe that either of these machines would more than pay for themselves in 60 days time.”

 

He soon was willing to lay aside the machines that he had been using.  He said that his company was going to double the number of tractors, using two large ones and 18 small wheel tractors, all (of them) drawing our Self-Governing Scrapers. Again, everything looked rosy, as we sometimes say.  They intended to use these machines in both Merced, and in Madera counties.  He told me to draw up a contract stipulating that they were to be delivered in lots, and stipulating the number to be delivered in each lot, and the said contract to include the two scrapers that he was already using.  He said “draw up the contract and bring it over tomorrow and we will sign up and go ahead.”

 

I had the contract drawn up by an attorney and took it over to the office the next day.  When I entered the office, he stepped forward and said, “Mr. Morton, you could knock me over with a straw.”  I asked him why he felt so.  He said, “there is a little trouble between the two men who owned the business.  But don’t worry.  It will all be ironed out in a day or so.  Just let us keep on with the machines we have there, and in a few days we can go right ahead.  I could see that he really hoped and trusted that this would be the case.  But, I said, “I’ll tell you what I’ll do. There is a company grading up a large tract of land over in Fresno County.  The field manager wants to see them work on his soil so the owners of the proposition may see them at work when they come from Los Angeles.  When you have the trouble all ironed out, I will bring the machines back and we will go ahead.  He was very much disappointed but assented to it.  To make this part of the story short, their trouble could not be remedied and the company broke up and was dissolved.  What a disappointment for all concerned.

 

I was justified in being in hopes that we could do business with those people in Fresno County.   Just a few days before, I was told to draw up a contract for the above Cotton Company, I had taken the field manager of the Company in Fresno County over to the Cotton Company’s job to show them our machines at work.  On the way over there, I explained to him the mechanism of the scrapers and how they worked.  When we arrived at the job, he got out of the car and went over to one of the machines and began to follow it around.  He followed it for 5 minutes or so, watching it closely.  Neither of us had spoken a word.  Then he came over to me and said, “There is no use of beating round the bush, or wasting words.  I am sold on the machine. I only want you to bring them over to my job, giving the same reason as mention above.  The outcome was that they were taken over to Fresno County and put to work.  They too were using nine small tractors and one 60 H.P tractor.  They were going to double up on their tractors and use ours scrapers only.

 

Again we drew an easy breath so to speak, as this number of sales would have given us a very good start in their manufacture. But again, there was disappointment awaiting us.  These people were grading that land and were cutting it up into small farms for a certain Sect of people who wished to form a large colony there and live to themselves. Much of this land was not of the best and families began to let their places go back to the Company.  As a result, they were not able to continue the grading of new places.

 

As the time for the Fresno County Fair was drawing on, we decided to exhibit a small scraper.  We made arrangements to use a sizable spot of ground, which we were to rope off.  It was large enough that we could put on a working demonstration that would bring out the different points of merit (in the scrapers).  This brought us much publicity.  On hearing the tractor running, crowds would gather and watch as the operator piled up large mounds of dirt, and then spread them out again.  The self-governing properties of the scraper were well demonstrated.  Before the Fair was over we had over 20 names of large dirt moving contractors who were either moving dirt or planning to do so during the coming winter.  They all wanted me to come and see them immediately.

 

Fresno has always been known as a raisin growing country. To protect themselves against the money powers (the buyers and packers) the farmers had organized what was know as the “Fresno Raisin Combine”.  At this very time after closing of the fair, this Combine nearly broke up.  There was unrest and loss of confidence on the part of the businessmen.  In time it was restored, but too late for us.  I went to see all of the men. But all of them had cancelled their agreements or changed their plans.  At the last of my trip, in order to see the last man I spent the night out, walking from my car to a certain spot and back again, wearing a beaten trail, because I had no money to pay for a room at the hotel where I might have been warm and relaxed.  The next morning I found that this man was doing hour- work and was not interested in moving large quantities of dirt.

 

A few days later a letter came to us written by the man who had been the Field Manager of the Cotton Company of which I have spoken. He had gone south to a place not far from Los Angeles, and found employment with a company that was developing a tract of land and selling it to people in Los Angeles.  Some of these wished to move out into the country and live on small farms.  Others were buying land as an investment.  He was anxious that we bring a large machine and six small ones down immediately.  Our disappointments had been so many and so great that I had almost lost heart.  But it was argued that here was practically a bonified order, and that if we failed to accept it, we probably would never succeed.

 

So we decide to go and see them first, and if possible make sure there would be no failure this time.  This gentleman was very glad to see us.   But, although he had written as he did, he did not seem free to introduce us to the man in charge at the office and sign up on a bonified order. He was sold on the machine.  His intentions we believed were right, but something has holding him back.  However we did go back to Fresno and got one of the small machines and took it to the place.

 

Eventually it was made know to us that the Field Manager and the man who wrote out the checks were not entirely agreeable to one-another.  We were advised to talk to the man who eventual would pay for the scrapers.  As he personally had never seen one at work, we of course asked him if he would allow us to demonstrate it to him.  He agreed to take the demonstration but said, “I’m only doing this as an act of courtesy, because I am sure that I will not purchase it.”  I have just bought a scraper that my head scraper man likes, and that is the kind I am going to use.  I cannot watch the demonstration today or tomorrow, but I will watch it day after tomorrow.  We had waited around for about two weeks expecting that each day would see some action. So we were willing to wait another two days.

 

We went into the field with two tractors of the same make and horsepower.  One was drawing the new scraper that he had bought, and the other drawing ours.  The land was very rough, with high hills and low spots, similar to the Hog Wallow land near Fresno.  The tractor that was drawing our scraper was belching black smoke at times, showing a poor mixture of fuel.  This denoted a need for carburetor adjustment.  But it drew good loads of dirt, and as the filing progressed, the governing properties were protecting the tractor against stalling.  

 

Soon we heard the racing of a motor.  The other tractor was down in the soft dirt.  He had not reached the low spot for which he was aiming and was compelled to drop the load short.  He circled around and tried to pick it up from a different angle. Trying several times and failing, he drew aside and gave it up.  He spoke about the working of our machine, and I said, “Yes, it is doing well, but the mixture on the carburetor is too rich.”  He said, “Why not drop the scraper and let me pull it with this one?” I was waiting for that, and the change was made. 

 

As our scraper passed back and forth, it drew larger loads than the other scraper had been drawing.  And each load was placed just where it was wanted.  I saw the opportunity to make the demonstration a little plainer still, so I suggested to the driver that he take a full load of dirt, and pass right over the load that he had dropped with the other scraper. He did so, taking on a full load. As the scraper blade struck this pile of dirt, the governing devices caused it to rise instead of drawing in.  It passed through the pile, piling the dirt still higher in the bowl, taking about half of it along.  The added pull was hardly perceptible on the motor.  That brought the test to a climax.  Looking at the other scraper, the head man said, “I don’t want that scraper.  Come over to the shade of that tree and lets talk this over.”

15.  Orders At Last!

At last business was beginning to come our way. He ordered five machines, which we built and delivered to him.  He also bought the demonstrator.  We built these machines in Riverside, California.  Dr. Hackney did not enter into the work himself, but with the help of a man who was a welder, we were able to finish them on schedule.

 

As we were building these, we were searching for other buyers.  There was a company near Perris that was leveling a 1000-acre tract of land.  The also were cutting it up into small farms.  We contacted the manager there and took him and his field man to see them at work.  They were both sold on it, but like the other man, they wanted to see on work on their (own) ground.  As we were delivering the last scraper to the Company, mentioned above, we went by this place near Perris.  We suggested that we might build a weir with which we might measure the size of the loads and compare them.  A three-foot cube being a cubic yard, it is very easy to form a weir by using twelve-inch boards, and nailing them together in a square leaving a three-foot inside measure.  In measuring, see that the ground is smooth and even.  Set the weir down and fill it.  Then pass the handle of a shovel over the top of it to even it off.  Then lift the box from the ground.  Do this three times, and we have a cubic yard, lying in the three piles of dirt.

 

Again we demonstrated, having two tractors on the same make and horse power.  The ranch tractor driver took as large a load as he could take, and the manager had him stop his tractor.  Our scraper was loaded and drawn up beside him.  They shoveled the dirt from the first scraper into the weir and measured it. When we had about finished measuring the load of the Self–Governing Scraper, the manager said,  “Well, we have double the amount of dirt in this scraper.  It lacks only 3 or 4 shovel fills, and we have tramped that much into the ground.”  We receive an order for two machines to be delivered as soon as we could, and two more to be delivered one month later.

16.  But, Too Few Orders for Survival:

After this spot of good fortune, there were months again of searching for other buyers.  Our profits were not enough to cover our expenses and keep us going.  This is where Dr. Hackney gave up and quit, and I struggled on alone. I found it necessary to do quite a bit of outside work, and I did considerable of ornamental wrought-iron work in the homes, and some for business advertising.  About a year later, the Company near Perris, ordered four more of them, given themselves eight with which to work.

One day I went into an Implement house and spoke to the owner of the business about our Dirt Mover.  I had not gone there to interest him in the building (of them), but in hopes that I might get an order from him (of scrapers) to be sold to some of his customers. I had a printed circular that we had been using and showed it to him.  I had sold a scraper to two brothers who lived a few miles from his place of business, and he wanted to go and see the machine.  After seeing it, he said that he was in the market for something like that.  He offered to finance the building and the selling of it for fifty percent of the business.  I liked him and (so) we went into business together.  We built a number of machines and sold them.  We sold one to a County Supervisor who used it on the County roads. The supervisor said, “If I had the patents on that machine, I would consider myself a millionaire. 

My partner had a bosom friend who was an attorney.  This attorney had a friend who was a retired street and road builder. He had laid the first paved streets in Los Angeles.  The store owner felt that if we formed a company by taking these two men in, with another, a salesman who should act as a silent partner in the business, we would stand at much better advantage, than we did working alone.  The new company was formed.  Dr. Hackney had quit, had said that he was through, and settled with me by taking a new welding machine that he could turn into money.   I had grieved over his disappointment and wished to do what I could to lessen his loss to some extent.  Though I was advised not to do so, I insisted on our New Company allowing him a royalty on machines that we might sell.  They said “ By all the laws, he had tried and failed, and was out of it, and through.”  I told them that if they were not willing to agree to that, we would not go ahead as we were planning.  They then, agreed to it.

17.  Building a Morton Earth Mover Assembly Line Plant in Linwood:

The law requires that an invention be named after the inventor, so my scraper was known as the “Morton” (he must be referring to the original patent). We of the new Company made large plans to build.  They had me design a large plant something like the large plants in the Eastern States.  Though I had never seen one of them, I had heard of them.  I drew up plans for a plant having five rows (or isles).  The construction of scrapers was to begin at the rear of each isle and the finished machine was to be taken away at the front of the isle.  There were swinging cranes at each isle with which to handle the (heavy) materials. They were to be mounted on steel tracks, so that they might move forward as the building progressed.  A special draftsman was hired to copy these drawings and put them out in an attractive form with blue prints.  It was to be built near Lynwood beside a Southern Pacific Railroad track, where a sidetrack might be used in loading and unloading the materials and finished product.

18.  Fred Morton gets Robbed and Dumped by His Partners:  The Left-Brain Investors no longer Needed their Right Brain Inventor.

It seemed that at last we were to get off to a good start, indeed.  I was to oversee the work of the plant.  As I had been taught from childhood to honor the Sabbath of the Lord, the Bible Sabbath, the plant was not to be operated on the Sabbath (7th) day of the week.  Our attorney friend used to speak of members of my Christian denomination, the Seventh-day Adventists, as “The Seven Days Adventists.”  This matter of the closing of the shop on the Sabbath, combined with the fact that I had insisted on paying Dr. Hackney, perhaps helped to bring about what followed.

 

One day the attorney came into the shop and wanted to talk with me.  He said, “Fred, we are on the rocks.  We might as well face it.”  I had been busy between the shop and the field.  I had thought that all the expenses connected with the business were being taken care of according to plans of the agreement.  But this was not the case and the Company went through insolvency.  They said that if I would sign my patents (plural?) over to them, (then) in that case I would be automatically released from all responsibility, and that that would leave me clear.  I was worn out from my hard work and discouraged.  So, I let them have what they asked of me.  I and my family went back to Fresno.

 

I learned later that the Company had changed the design of the scraper with the thought of being able to sell it at a lower price.  But, in doing so, they had lost fully 50 percent of its efficiency. So, although they had built it according to one of the claims of the patent, it was a failure.  About three years later, I received a letter from them, asking me to come, take it over, and start anew.  They said that they would give me 25 percent of the business. But, I had lost confidence in them and did not accept their offer.

19.  Fred Morton Tries to Deal with His Losses:

That was many years in the past.  I do not hold any hard feelings towards them today.  I only regret that any man has lost money because of his interest (in my invention).  It was the thing (insight) that I thought would bring to me, my family, and to those who invested with me, the things which we believe to be necessary to life and happiness today.

 

I am sorry that I have failed in making the thing (the revelation), which I still believe the Lord gave to me, a financial success. I only believe that the Lord has allowed this to come to me for a purpose.   He knows that I was conscientious and worked hard to make it a success.  I sympathize deeply with the thousands of poor men, financially poor, who have brought to us the many good things that we have today.  Because they were filled with the inventive spirit, persevered in their work, and (yet) who, the Lord knows why, eventually have gone to their rest, not having fully realized the consummation of their hopes.  Some day I may know and understand the “Why”.

 

Through the days of my labors there were many kinds of scrapers working upon our roads.  Today, we ride out and along our Highways and often see a road building or road repairing outfits.  I find that one of the several machines that used to work besides my own is doing practically all of the work today.  It has been many years since I have seen any other than the La Tourneau dirt movers working upon our roads.  Today they excel all others and have virtually put the others off the market.

 

To the best of my knowledge, I was the first to build a machine that carried a portion of the load upon the power unit, while the balance of the load was carried on two wheels behind the bowl.  These are the large machines that we see today, carrying their 15-20 yards of dirt per load, and speeding along at 20 miles per hour. They are also built so that the power unit is carrying much of the load.  They are indeed efficient machines and deserve to hold their place upon the job.  However, other implements may someday take their places.

 

As promised, I have only touched on some of the high places in relating my experiences in inventions, and in my efforts to bring a good thing to the world.  I have not told of the struggle that we have gone through in trying to keep our children cared for as we wished, and to have them educated.   

 

We always think of the “might have been”s.  If we had accepted the offer of that first dealer and built only small machines to be drawn by the small tractor, we would perhaps have succeeded financially.  Or if we had used the machine to build up a good dirt moving business for ourselves, the Lord may have prospered us in this.  Today, it is too late for even this.  The aged are falling as it were in decay.  How many times I have felt that if I could, I would like to give each man who invested and lost, the money he had lost.  This I cannot do.  The things that we have, and prize so dearly, have come at great cost.

 

Though I now have no money, I have new hopes.  Not hopes of joining the vast multitude in the rush to win success in the field of commerce.  But, the spirit of God has brought to the world the many good things that we have.  If we listen, to its voice will guide us both in the getting and in the use of them.  There is a truth, which if learned and allowed to work in the lives of all of us, could and would iron out all the troubles (the wrinkles) in our lives. Each should find this truth and build on it.

 

Though the day is past when I may engage in the building of machinery, I may engage in a humble way in the building of the Kingdom of God upon earth.  We may go to the bible and meditate upon it reading and thinking His thoughts after HIM. We may also bring these thoughts to others and they too may read and grow in Christ Jesus.  Above all things we need the Kingdom of God within us. We need to look ahead with courage. It might be well if every minister, doctor, lawyer, business man, farmer, mechanic, laborer, parent, boy, girl, every one on the street and they that sit in their homes or on the benches I the park (the aged), should take a look back (not as did Lot’s wife) but that they may make past failures stepping-stones to something better ahead. “I would build but I would build something better, that cannot be taken away”

20.  Fred Morton died at age 81, poor, but beloved by his family.