Hawaii Chocolate Microbes Angela Kaaihue Yeasts isolated from cocoa fermentations from various countries Brazil (Schwan, Wheals, 04) Ghana Malyasia Belize Unknown country Accept (Rohan et al. 1963) Candida bombi, Candida pelliculosa, Candida rugopelliculosa, Candida rugosa, Kloeckera apiculata, Kluyveromyces maarxianus, Kluyveromyces thermotolerans, Lodderomyces elongisporus, Pichica fermentans, S. cerevisiae var. Chevalieri, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Torulaspora pretoriensis Candida spp., Hansenula spp., Kloeckera spp., Pichia spp., Saccharomyces spp., Saccharomycopsis spp., Schizosaccharomyces, spp., Torulopsis spp. Candida spp., Debaryomyces spp., Hanseniaspora spp., Hansenula spp., Kloeckera spp., Rhodotorula spp., Saccharomyces spp., Torulopsis spp Brettanomyces clausenii., Candida spp., C. boidinii, C. cacoai, C. guilliermondii, C. intermedia, C. krusei, C. reukaufii, Kloeckera apis, Pichia membranafaciens, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces chevalieri, Saccharomycopsis spp., Schizosaccharomyces malidevorans, Schizosaccharomyces spp. Sacchaomyces chevalieri, Kluyveromyces fragilis, Torulopsis Candida, Candida norvengensis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Kloeckera sp., Candida kursei/incompicua Candida spp., Pichia fermentas, Kloeckera japónica, Hawaii Trinidad Chevalieri, Saccharomyces Lactic acid bacterias isolated from cocoa fermentations from various countries Brazil (Schwan, Wheals, 04) Ghana Malyasia Belize Unknown country Accept (Rohan et al. 1963) Lactobacillus, Acidophilus, Lb. Brevis, Lb. casei, Lb. Delbrueckii, Lb. fermentum, Lb. Lactic, Lb. Plantarum Lactococcus lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pediococcus acidilactici, Pl dextrinicus Lb. collinoides, Lb. fermentum, Lb. mali, Lb., Plantarum Lb. collinoides, Lb. plantarum Lb. brevis, Lb. buchneri, Lb. casei, Lb. Casei, pseudoplantarum, Lb. cellobiosus, Lb. delbrueckii, Lb. fermentum, Lb. fructivorans, Lb. gasseri, Lb. kandleri, Lb. plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Ln. oenos, Ln. paramesenteroides Lb. lactic, Lb plantarum, Lb. acidophilus, Lb. bacillaceae, Lb. parabuchneri Peiococcus pentosaceus, Hawaii Trinidad Streptococcus Lactis (Ostovar, K. Keeny, G.) List of identified Acetic Acid bacteria isolated from various countries Brazil (Schwan, Wheals, 04) Ghana Malyasia Belize Unknown country Acetobacter aceti subsp. Liquefaciens, A. pasteurianus, A. peroxydans, Gluconobacter oxydans Subs. Suboxydans Acetobacter ascendens, A. rancens, A. xylinum, Glucononbacter oxydans Acetobacter lovaniensis, A. rancens, A. xylinum, Gluconobacter oxydans Acetobacter spp., Bluconobacter oxydans Acetobacter acetum Bkycibibacter ixtdabsm spp. Suboxydans, mucor pusillus, Asperillus fumigatus sp.          

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Theobroma Cacao- Microbes found in fermenting cacao

 
Theobroma Cacao L.
Various microbes; Yeast, Lactic and Acetic Bactors

PROJECT BACKGROUND: Fermenting Theobroma Cacao funded by University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Molecular Bioscience and Bioengineering. Principal Investigator: Dr. Loren Gautz, PhD. Angela Kaaihue, Candidate for Master's Degree, 08.

Compiled list of microbes found in various places around the world.

Compiled list of microbes found in various places around the world.  

Table 1:  Yeasts isolated from cocoa fermentations from various countries

 

 

Brazil (Schwan, Wheals, 04)

Ghana

Malyasia

Belize

Unknown country

Accept (Rohan et al. 1963)

 

Candida bombi, Candida pelliculosa, Candida rugopelliculosa, Candida rugosa,

Kloeckera apiculata, Kluyveromyces maarxianus, Kluyveromyces thermotolerans, Lodderomyces elongisporus, Pichica fermentans, S. cerevisiae var. Chevalieri, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Torulaspora pretoriensis

Candida spp., Hansenula spp., Kloeckera spp., Pichia spp., Saccharomyces spp., Saccharomycopsis spp., Schizosaccharomyces, spp., Torulopsis spp.

Candida spp., Debaryomyces spp., Hanseniaspora spp., Hansenula spp., Kloeckera spp., Rhodotorula spp., Saccharomyces spp., Torulopsis spp

Brettanomyces clausenii., Candida spp., C. boidinii, C. cacoai, C. guilliermondii, C. intermedia, C. krusei, C. reukaufii, Kloeckera apis, Pichia membranafaciens, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces chevalieri, Saccharomycopsis spp., Schizosaccharomyces malidevorans, Schizosaccharomyces spp.

Sacchaomyces chevalieri, Kluyveromyces fragilis, Torulopsis Candida, Candida norvengensis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Kloeckera sp., Candida kursei/incompicua

Candida spp.,

Pichia fermentas,

Kloeckera japónica,

 

Hawaii

Trinidad

 

 

 

Chevalieri, Saccharomyces

 

 

 

 

 

Table 2:  Lactic Acid Bacterias Isolated from Cacao Fermentations from various countries

 

Brazil (Schwan, Wheals, 04)

Ghana

Malyasia

Belize

Unknown country

Accept (Rohan et al. 1963)

 

Lactobacillus, Acidophilus, Lb. Brevis, Lb. casei, Lb. Delbrueckii, Lb. fermentum, Lb. Lactic, Lb. Plantarum Lactococcus lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pediococcus acidilactici, Pl dextrinicus

Lb. collinoides, Lb. fermentum, Lb. mali, Lb., Plantarum

Lb. collinoides, Lb. plantarum

Lb. brevis, Lb. buchneri, Lb. casei, Lb. Casei, pseudoplantarum, Lb. cellobiosus, Lb. delbrueckii, Lb. fermentum, Lb. fructivorans, Lb. gasseri, Lb. kandleri, Lb. plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Ln. oenos, Ln. paramesenteroides

Lb. lactic, Lb plantarum, Lb. acidophilus, Lb. bacillaceae, Lb. parabuchneri Peiococcus pentosaceus,

 

 

Hawaii

Trinidad

 

 

 

 

Streptococcus Lactis (Ostovar, K. Keeny, G.)

 

 

 

 

 

Table 3-  List of identified Acetic Acid bacteria isolated from various countries

 

Brazil (Schwan, Wheals, 04)

Ghana

Malyasia

Belize

Unknown country

 

 

Acetobacter aceti subsp. Liquefaciens, A. pasteurianus, A. peroxydans, Gluconobacter oxydans Subs. Suboxydans

Acetobacter ascendens, A. rancens, A. xylinum, Glucononbacter oxydans

Acetobacter lovaniensis, A. rancens, A. xylinum, Gluconobacter oxydans

Acetobacter spp., Bluconobacter oxydans

Acetobacter acetum Bkycibibacter ixtdabsm spp. Suboxydans, mucor pusillus, Asperillus fumigatus sp.

 

 

 

Table 4- Filamentous Fungi and Aerobic Spore-forming bacteria

 

Filamentous Fungi found in

Brazil (Schwan, Wheals, 04)

Aerobic spore-forming bacteria found in Brazil

Aerobic spore-forming bacteria found in Trinidad

Aerobic spore-forming bacteria found in Ghana and Malyasia

Unknown country

 

 

Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Fusarium moniliforme, F. oxysporum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Mucor racemosus, Mucor sp., Paecilomyces varioti, Penicillium citrinum, P. implicates, P. spinosum, Thielaviopsis ethaceticus, Trichoderma viridae, Mycelia sterilia

Bacillus brevis, B. cereus, B. circulans, B. coagulans, B. firmus, B. laterosporus, B. licheniformis, B. macerans, B. megaterium, B. pasteurii, B. polymyxa, B. pumilus, B. stearothermophilus, B. subtilis

Bacillus cereus, B. cereus var. mycoides, B. coagulans, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, B. pumilus, B. stearothermophilus, B. subtilis

Bacillus licheniformis, B. subtilis

 

 

Hawaii

Trinidad

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1-Ferment Cacao Beans- The "Green Way"

2-List of Factors which contribute to Reliable and Favorable Quality Chocolate

3- Defined Microbial Cocktail Inocculum (DMCI), fermentation process

4-Identified strains of microbes used in fermentation processes

5-Safety and Health Precations in fermenting cacao beans

6-The benefits of using biotechnological techniques in farming and fermenting processes of theobroma cacao

8-Problems and difficulties that occur in fermenting processes.

9-Market analysis, productions costs, and consumer demands.

10-Literature Research and Other Readings



Current research and data collection are currently in progress. Any further information is classified confidential and may not be considered public. Research at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering Department. This project is headed by Dr. Loren Gautz, Ph.D.,and Angela Ka'aihue, Master Degree Candidate 2008. Feel free to contact us for further information or questions.