Note: The following article was written as a project for SLS 760, instructed by Professor Gabriele Kasper of the Department of Second Language Studies at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Please pardon any errors or omissions. Refer to the References section for additional information on the topic.
Ò*** lurker has been removed by moderator ***Ó:
Negotiating Entry into Internet Video Chat
Shawn Ford
SLS 760: Misunderstanding Talk
Spring 2004 Ð Professor Kasper
Course Final Paper
With the rapid development of computer technology and the Internet over the past decade, language researchers have begun to study the area of computer-mediated communication (CMC). The earliest studies in this area looked at the language of e-mail, focusing on the structural and textual features of e-mail messages in first language (L1) settings (see Crystal, 2001, for a review) and in second language (L2) settings (Warschauer, 1995; Hartford & Bardovi-Harlig, 1996; Inglis, 1998; Gaines, 1999). Additional early studies examined the discourse of discussion boards, also referred to as asynchronous chat (Crystal, 2001), focusing on the structural and textual features of message postings (see Crystal, 2001, for a review), the socialization of new members into discussion communities (Surratt, 1996; Wellman & Gullia, 1999), and comparisons between discussion board communication and other mediums of communication (Etzione & Etzione, 1999; Herring, 1999; Burnett, 2000; Burnett & Buerkle, 2004; Crystal, 2001; Rosen, Woelfel, Krikorian, & Barnett, 2003). More recently, language researchers have directed attention to synchronous CMC, in particular Internet relay chat (IRC) and Web-chat, examining features such as chat management (Crystal, 2001), information exchange within chat groups (Burnett, 2000), gender differences (Soukup, 1999; Bowker & Liu, 2001), language variation (Paolillo, 1999, 2001), native and non-native speaker interaction (Freiermuth, 2001), repair (Schšnfeldt & Golata, 2003), and chat openings (Rintel, Mulholland, & Pittam, 2001).
Although there is a growing body of research of various linguistic features of synchronous CMC, there is currently very little, if any, research into the most newly developed type of synchronous CMC: that of Internet video chat (IVC). This study hopes to contribute to this fledgling area of CMC research by examining openings in IVC. Specifically, this study examines how new members negotiate entry with current chat room participants into ongoing chat sessions. In doing so, this study examines factors that contribute to successful and unsuccessful entry into IVC.
The theoretical framework of this study is centered in LinellÕs theory of understanding and misunderstanding in discourse. Additionally, the study draws on Coupland et al.Õs Ôintegrative model of levels of analysis of ÒmiscommunicationÓÕ (1991, pp. 11ff., as cited in House, Kasper, & Ross, 2003, pp. 8-9). In the sections that follow, these notions are briefly discussed in turn.
According to Linell (1995), ÒUnderstanding and misunderstanding (in discourse) concern degrees of intersubjectivity and are therefore pertinent to mutualities in dialogueÓ (p. 177). Linell further explains that intersubjectivity refers to shared and mutual understanding (p. 183), and that ÒÕ[m]utualityÕ is most often used about relevant assumptions, background knowledge and premises for communication which are taken to be mutually knownÓ (p. 179). In addition, Linell states that Ò[a]ll understanding is situated and activity-specific, which means that it is subject to premises, purposes, and rationalities tied to social activities and situationsÓ (p. 181, emphasis in original). Following from these explanations, understanding or misunderstanding can be seen as a function of interactive participantsÕ collaborative understanding of a particular contribution in a given speech activity and their mutual reasonings for engaging in that speech activity at that particular time. With this sociological view of communication, it is possible to identify and explain instances in interaction where understanding and misunderstanding might occur.
As provided by House, Kasper, and Ross (2003, pp. 8-9), Coupland et al. proposed their integrative model for analyzing miscommunication, which consists of six levels of analysis. Each level represents a classification of miscommunication, increasing in complexity and contextualization from 1 to 6: at Level 1, miscommunication is seen as an inherent aspect of communication and, as such, unproblematic; at Level 6, miscommunication is idealogically considered problematic in that it disadvantages the targeted social groups. At Level 5, which seems most appropriate for the current study, miscommunication is seen as
resid[ing] in group and cultural phenomena, and may be accountable in terms of code-based or other cultural differences in behaviors, beliefs, or construals. Culture is seen as having communicative consequences for participantsÉ Social group membership may be defined as ingroup/outgroup membership, giving rise to observable communication difficulties based on lack of understanding of differences, suspicion or fear of the outgroup, or threatened social identity.Ó (Coupland et al., p. 15, as cited in House, Kasper, & Ross, 2003, p. 9)
In this view, miscommunication is socially situated and results in social consequences, ranging from positive to negative. As such, this level of analysis of miscommunication seems to fit well with LinellÕs theory of understanding and misunderstanding in discourse (1995), which together may help answer the research questions of this study.
By applying LinellÕs notions of understanding and misunderstanding in discourse and Coupland et al.Õs integrative model to an examination of openings in IVC, the following research questions are investigated:
At this point in time, very few, if any, studies have been conducted that look into linguistic features of IVC. In my extensive literature search, I have not been able to locate even one study of IVC per se, although several studies do make mention of IVC as a future research area. For example, Crystal (2001), in the most comprehensive work to date on the language of the Internet, briefly discusses the research possibilities of IVC in his concluding chapter ÒThe linguistic future of the Internet.Ó Needless to say, there is a huge gap in the literature at this time.
The closest studies relevant to the current study include the huge body of literature on face-to-face conversation openings (for review and references, see Taleghani-Nikazm, 2002), and telephone conversation openings (for reviews, see Hopper & Chen, 1996; Hopper, 1998; Taleghani-Nikazm, 2002). The majority of these studies focus primarily on the text-linguistic resources employed by interlocutors as they negotiate successful conversation openings, although ramifications of linguistic choices and problem points are also discussed by some researchers.
Of the most relevance to the current study is one paper by Rintel, Mulholland, and Pittam (2001) on IRC openings. Examining openings immediately following a new memberÕs ÒChannel Entry PhaseÓ (their term for chat room entry), the researchers found that successful entry into IRC is highly dependent on strategic turn coordination by new and existing members, which, in contrast, has high potential for breaking down chat room communication if entry goes awry. While these researchers were interested in the text-linguistic resources that members employed in IRC openings, they also seem to have been equally interested in the technological features of the IRC program that regulate openings, and the ways in which members utilized these features in conjunction with their text-linguistic resources to negotiate entries.
Of additional relevance to the current study is a paper by Surratt (1996) that looked into the socialization of participants into online communities, including IRC communities. Taking a participant-observation approach, Surratt found that participants in these communities worked collaboratively to create social systems for appropriate interaction among members, social control of members, socialization of new members, and social stratification of members. This study highlights the social nature of IRC, which allows for a social-analytic perspective of IRC data.
The IVC session that generated this data took place by means of a popular software program, freely available for download via the Internet. Like most IVC platforms, the domain is organized thematically at the top level, and within each theme, it is organized by chat rooms that follow that theme. Within each chat room, a maximum of 9 participants can join at any one time. On each participantÕs computer screen, there are windows for the main program menu, the chat dialog, the menu showing a video image of each chat room participant, and the participantÕs own video image. The IVC platform allows for real-time video and audio streaming, and text messaging. IVC is real time in so far as each individual participantÕs Internet connection speed allows. Interestingly, even though audio streaming is a feature of this IVC platform, it has been observed repeatedly that participants in chat rooms prefer to use text messaging, and audio chat is very rarely heard.
The particular chat room from which the data comes is located within the Òadults onlyÓ section of the IVC platform. The data for this study is from one IVC session of approximately one hour and 15 minutes in length, gathered during the spring of 2004, and consisting of a total of 20 participants who contributed approximately 1000 turns in all.
The IVC program used for gathering this data is similar to other IRC programs in that it records all interaction in the chat room onto a chat log visible to all participants. However, the chat log is not saved permanently. Therefore, before I logged out of the chat room, I copied the entire interaction and pasted it into a word processing document for permanent storage and later analysis.
Due to the logistical difficulties of obtaining consent from each chat room participant, it was decided instead to obtain permission from the chat room ÒownerÓ, that is, the person who established and maintains the chat room. Permission was granted on the condition that the chat room and its participants remain anonymous; therefore, there will be no further discussion of the IVC platform, the chat room per se, or identities or descriptions of the participants.
Discourse Analysis
Following previous researchers who have investigated openings in IRC (Rintel, Mulholland, & Pittam, 2001), ÒConversation Analysis-informed Discourse AnalysisÓ methods are used to examine the data. Since the focus of this study is to examine how participants negotiate entry into a computer-mediated domain, discourse analytic (DA) methods are useful for Òproducing descriptions of social action through investigating the interrelation of interaction and technologyÓ (Rintel, Mulholland, & Pittam, 2001). In addition, as a regular participant of the chat room from which the data is drawn, I provide further analysis as a participant-observer where appropriate.
Given the automaticity of transcript generation by the chat program and the nature of the written dialog, standard DA transcription conventions are not followed; this studyÕs transcription conventions are provided in Appendix I. The transcript that follows is reproduced in its entirety, without modification, except to change names to pseudonyms in order to protect participant identities and to add line numbers to aid in the analysis.
My objective in this study is to better understand entry into IVC; therefore, the focus of my analysis will be those points in the data where this occurs. That understood, many interesting features of IVC not directly associated with entry (e.g.: turn-taking, topic-change, overlapping speech, gender roles, leave-taking, to name just a few) will not be addressed, at least not thoroughly, in this study. However, it will be necessary to address certain features of IVC indirectly associated with the act of entry as these acts naturally occur in the data, in order to provide a thorough analysis. In this section, then, I will provide analysis and discussion of nine extracts from the data in order to answer my research questions.
Through an analysis of the data collected for this study, two primary means for successful entry into IVC have been found:
1 a chat room participant acknowledges a new member who responds with a greeting
2 a new member announces entry into chat room and is acknowledged by a participant
Within these two primary means for successful entry, five variant examples were found in the data set:
á chat room participants acknowledge a new member with repeated greetings
An extract for each example will be provided, analyzed, and discussed in turn.
In the first extract, two chat room participants acknowledge the entrance of a new member with repeated greetings. This provides an example of chat room participants acknowledging the new member as the new member announces entrance, and is one method of gaining successful entry into IVC.
Extract 1.1: Chat room participants acknowledge new
member with repeated greetings
In extract 1.1, the new chat room member gr8m has entered the room and is acknowledged by the existing chat room participant gina in line 1 with the intimacy-marked greeting token ÒheyÓ (Hopper & Chen, 1996), which shows that gina is familiar with gr8m. In line 2, gr8m announces his entrance to the entire chat room with the non-standard greeting token ÒalohaÓ. gr8mÕs entrance greeting should be interpreted as addressed to the entire chat room, instead of as a response to ginaÕs greeting, for reasons discussed below. Afterwards, in line 7, mona greets gr8m using the exact wording as gina in line 1. Note that both gina and mona address the new participant with the shortened handle Ògr8Ó instead of the complete handle Ògr8mÓ. This type of Ôhandle shorteningÕ, as I will call it, is a common feature of chat room discourse that is employed to facilitate interaction or promote camaraderie (see also Crystal, 2001).
In line 10, gr8m replies directly to mona and gina, which indicates that his greeting in line 2 was not directed at gina. Therefore, the most likely conclusion is that gina and gr8m constructed and sent their greetings in lines 1 and 2 at the same time, resulting in the chat room equivalent of overlapping speech (see discussion in Crystal, 2001, pp. 30-34; Herring, 1999). ÔOverlapping chatÕ of this nature can often lead to miscommunication, although in this case miscommunication is avoided through the use of the directed greeting reply plus handle Òaloha ginaÓ found in line 10.
gr8mÕs greeting in line 10 also includes a greeting to the other participants of the chat room, which is not returned. This also is a feature common to chat room discourse (Crystal, 2001). It seems that this is considered acceptable practice because gr8m has already been acknowledged by room participants; it is not necessary that the other participants acknowledge his presence in the chat room. And in fact, if all of the participants acknowledged each new member into the chat room, this could cause frequent confusion and communication breakdowns (see Crystal, 2001). Somewhat related, in line 12, mona directs the question Òhow are youÓ at gr8m, who does not reply. There are probably two reasons for this. First of all, given the fact that the chat room software supports live video, gr8m returns the greeting visually by waving, making a written response unnecessary. Additionally, a continued exchange of pleasantries at this point would be in competition with the current topic of conversation in which mona is currently engaged.
gr8mÕs turn in line 10 also includes a repetition of his non-standard greeting token ÒalohaÓ from line 2, frequently used by this participant in this chat room. This greeting is repeated again by gina in line 16. It is not clear why this is done, although perhaps it is due to the uniqueness of the greeting in this chat room.
Also noteworthy regarding this extract is the fact that gr8m is known to be a regular participant in this particular chat room, therefore, he is familiar to several of the chat room participants, especially gina and mona. This might have an influence on the greeting sequence seen in this example. That is to say, since gr8m is known to some of the chat room participants, he is acknowledged before announcing his entrance. Although this feature of IVC entry is not well-understood, it will be addressed in further sections of this paper in comparison to other types of entry.
Extract 1.2 is another example of successful entry into IVC. In this particular example, as with the previous, a chat room participant acknowledges the entrance of a new member first, before the new member announces entrance.
In this extract, the chat room participant mona acknowledges in line 140 the entrance of the new member mercury with the canonical greeting token ÒhelloÉÓ (Hopper & Chen, 1996), which in this case may be used to mark formality, distance, and unfamiliarity. Also note that mona does not employ handle shortening in her greeting, which further indicates that the two interlocutors do not know one another. In line 142, mercury responds with a question greeting directed at the entire chat room. Although mercuryÕs greeting could be interpreted as directed only at mona, as in Òare you all wellÓ in response to her greeting, this seems not to be the case due to the fact that mercury follows up the question greeting with a greeting in line 144 directed explicitly at mona, who replies with a second greeting. Again, as in Extract 1.1, the new memberÕs greeting to the other participants in the chat room is not taken up probably because he has already been acknowledged by at least one chat room participant. Additional acknowledgements are therefore unnecessary.
Also worthy of note is the fact that mona is one of the moderators of this particular chat room, and as such, she has the power to accept new members or reject them by either removing them from the room temporarily or banning them from the room for periods of several days to several months. Chat room moderators are responsible for, among other things, making sure that participants follow the chat room rules, which are usually posted outside chat room entrances, and generally facilitating interaction within the chat room (for further discussion, please see Paolillo, 1999, and Crystal, 2001). This is probably the reason why mona is usually one of the first chat room participants to greet new members. As chat room moderator, mona is a high position of power within this particular online community[1].
The next extract shows two of the chat room participants acknowledging a new member who responds with a greeting in French. Although this new memberÕs greeting is in a language other than the dominant language of the room at the time Ð in fact, French is rarely used in this particular chat room Ð, Extract 1.3 is an example of a successful entry into IVC.
In line 230, chat room participant mona acknowledges the entrance of new member fine_st_denise, with the canonical greeting token ÒhelloÉÓ followed by the shortened handle ÒfsdÓ. In this extract, it seems that mona employs handle shortening not to promote camaraderie, as was the case in Extract 1.1, but rather to facilitate interaction[2]. This conclusion is based on monaÕs use of the distance-marked greeting combined with handle shortening. Had mona known fine_st_denise, we would expect a more intimate greeting such as ÒheyÓ followed by the shortened handle.
In line 231, gina also greets fine_st_denise using handle shortening, presumably for the same reason as mona, although it is not clear why she chooses the more casual yet neutral greeting token ÒhiÓ instead of the formal, distance-marked greeting token ÒhelloÓ. Perhaps her choice of greeting has to do with her position as a regular, and one of the relatively few, female participants in this chat room. She is known to be a friendly, assertive, and active participant, and although she is in no explicit position of authority, such as the chat room moderator that mona is, she has an almost de-facto position of power due to her gender in this majority-male, adult-content section of the Internet[3]. It may be that this implicit power relation allows gina to be comfortable enough with her position to regularly employ casual greetings in the chat room.
fine_st_denise responds in line 233 to mona and gina with Òbonjour a tousÓ, a French greeting meaning Òhello to allÓ, which seems to be directed at the entire chat room. This greeting is repeated partially by mona in line 240, who responds with ÒbonjourÓ (hello), indicating acceptance of the new member with the non-standard language into the chat room[4]. This exchange highlights findings by numerous researchers of the increasing multilingualism of the Internet and of the promotion and acceptance of languages other than English in computer-mediated communication (Crystal, 2001).
It should be noted that fine_st_denise is not a recognized, regular participant in this particular chat room. Also, after gaining entrance, he does not contribute further to the conversation and exits the chat room in less than one minute for reasons unknown.
Extract 1.4 provides an example of two new members gaining entrance into the chat room in close succession. In this extract, the new members announce their entrances and are acknowledged by the same chat room participant.
In line 835, Dv announces his entrance into the chat room with the formal greeting token ÒhelloÓ. This greeting seems to be directed at the entire chat room since no chat room participant is specified. mona responds in line 841 with the same greeting, however, she also supplies the new memberÕs handle, thus acknowledging DvÕs entrance. In line 844, Dv greets mona directly with the addition of the question ÒÉhow are you?Ó In the following line, mona also asks Dv the question Ògot a face dv?Ó immediately followed by the reply Òim good thanksÓ in response to DvÕs question from line 844.
Several things are happening here in this extract. First of all, it appears that Dv and mona have constructed and sent questions at the same time, resulting in overlapping speech. This phenomenon is indicated by the position of monaÕs response turn in line 846 located immediately after her question in line 845. Had mona seen DvÕs question first, we would expect monaÕs question and response in lines 845Ð846 to be reversed, resulting in the adjacency pairing of question-answer, question-answer, a phenomenon common in both face-to-face and computer-mediated communication, but more problematic in the latter (Herring, 1999; Crystal, 2001; Rintel, Mulholland, & Pittam, 2001).
Another interesting feature of this part of Extract 1.4 is monaÕs question Ògot a face dv?Ó in line 845. This question is based on the visual nature of IVC and is in reference to the posted rules of this particular chat room that state that participants must have their video cameras on at all times and identify themselves by face[5]. As Dv enters the chat room and begins greeting participants, he has his video camera pointed away from himself. Therefore, the indirect illocution of monaÕs question to Dv is a command to follow the chat room rules and identify himself by pointing his video camera at his face. In response, in line 854, Dv apologizes and explains that he is eating; he assumes that the proper behavior is to hide his eating from the chat room participants. However, he is informed that participants do not mind seeing him eat, so he moves his video camera to point at his face, he is accepted into the chat room as a participant, and the conversation quickly moves to a new topic that centers around Dv eating his ice-cream.
As Dv is negotiating entrance into the chat room, another new member, george35, also attempts to gain entrance by supplying a greeting in line 848 to the entire chat room. mona acknowledges george35 in line 852 with the greeting ÒhelloÓ combined with the shortened handle ÒgeorgeÓ. Since george35 is not a recognized, regular participant of this chat room, it is assumed that mona employs this greeting form for the same reasons as found in Extract 1.3; that is, she supplies a formal greeting to mark distance and unfamiliarity and uses handle shortening to facilitate interaction. Once george35 is accepted into the chat room by mona, he makes no contributions to the conversation and exits within one minute for reasons unknown.
In Extract 1.5, two new members successfully gain entry into the chat room in close succession by different means: the first new member gains entrance through self-announcement, and the second new member gains entrance after being acknowledged by a chat room participant. Since these two examples naturally occur together in this extract, it provides an opportunity to compare and contrast the two primary means for successful entry into IVC.
In line 447, the new member Astronaut announces his entrance to the entire chat room with the intimate greeting Òhey peopleÓ, although he is not a recognized, regular participant in this chat room. mona is the first participant to acknowledge the new member, supplying the formal, distance-marked greeting token ÒhelloÓ plus AstronautÕs complete handle in line 450. As was the case in Extract 1.2, mona's greeting indicates that she is not familiar with the new member; also, it is not clear here either why mona does not employ handle shortening in her greeting, although it is possible that by assuming a formal tone, she is positioning herself as an authoritative figure in response to AstronautÕs informal entrance announcement. gr8m also greets the new member in line 451 with his non-standard greeting token ÒalohaÓ, but his greeting is not taken up, possibly because he does not supply AstronautÕs handle in the greeting. Instead, Astronaut responds only to mona in line 453 with the highly informal greeting Òhiya monaÓ, probably to express his desire to enter the chat room and engage in conversation with her. The two immediately exchange Òinitial inquiriesÓ (Hopper, 1998), and, consequently, the new member successfully gains entry into the chat room.
As mona and Astronaut exchange initial inquiries, another new, unrecognized member enters the chat room and is acknowledged by gina in line 458 with the neutral greeting Òhi ravisÓ, which also employs handle shortening. Based on two extracts (1.3 and 1.5) from this data set, it seems that ginaÕs preferred initial greeting token is ÒhiÓ, presumably for the reasons indicated previously. In line 461, it appears that Ravis64 responds to gina with the formal greeting token ÒhelloÓ; however, this is probably not the case for the reasons discussed below. mona also acknowledges Ravis64 in line 463 with the formal greeting Òhello ravisÓ. In contrast to the previous new member entrance, note that with this new member, mona supplies the same shortened handle as gina[6]. Several lines later, Ravis64 responds first to mona in line 468 with the informal greeting Òhey there monaÓ, and next, several lines later still, to gina in line 472 with the addition to his greeting Òand ginaÓ. This indicates that Ravis64Õs initial greeting was not directed at gina but was directed at the entire chat room. It is probable that Ravis64 formulated and sent his announcement greeting before receiving ginaÕs acknowledgement greeting. Although it seems that Ravis64 has successfully gained entrance into the chat room, he does not engage in the conversation and leaves within a few minutes.
Having identified several examples of successful entry into IVC, I will now turn to identifying examples of unsuccessful entry into IVC. Analysis of the data shows that there are two primary factors that contribute to unsuccessful entry:
1 a chat room participant removes a new member from the chat room
2 a new member removes self from chat room
Within these two primary reasons for unsuccessful entry into IVC, three variant examples were found in the data set:
á a chat room participant removes a ÒlurkingÓ new member
á a chat room participant removes a new member who violates the chat room rules
á a chat room participant greets a new member who exits without responding
An extract for each example will next be provided, analyzed, and discussed in turn.
In Extract 2.1, a new member enters the chat room without an announcement (silently) and with his video camera pointed away from his face. As explained previously in discussions of successful entries into IVC, it is not necessarily problematic if a new member does not announce entrance into a chat room; often times a chat room participant will acknowledge the entrance of a new member, thereby facilitating a successful entry. However, also as explained previously in the discussion of Extract 1.4, one of the rules of this particular chat room requires that each participant transmits live facial video images so that all participants can view everyone in the chat room. The combination of these two behaviors Ð non-announcement (initial silence) of entry plus the lack of a facial video image Ð is known in IVC jargon as ÒlurkingÓ, behavior which is considered inappropriate in this visual domain, and which leads to the Level 5 type of miscommunication from Coupland et al.Õs model. This conceptualization of lurking contrasts with that found in IRC contexts, where lurking is defined simply as Òread[ing] messages in a É chat room without ever posting or replyingÓ (Jansen, 2004), and does not convey negative connotations. While lurking is actually encouraged in IRC contexts as a means for new members to become familiar with the ÒfeelÓ of a chat room, which includes getting to know participants and their online personalities and the chat room topic of conversation before contributing (Crystal, 2001), it is definitely discouraged in IVC contexts. As a consequence, the behavior of the new member leads to a switch in the topic of conversation; chat room participants begin talking about the new memberÕs handle and video image instead of the previous topic, flatulence.
Extract 2.1: Chat
room participant removes lurking new member
In the first portion of Extract 2.1, participants adict, mona, and Phil are talking about the handle of the new member who has just entered the chat room. Interestingly, their conversation does not seem to be directed at the new member; rather, it is directed at the active chat room participants. As was the case with previously discussed extracts, the chat room participants could acknowledge the new member, but this does not happen in this extract, probably due the deviant behavior of the new member mentioned earlier. Not until at least 16 lines (more than one minute) after the new member enters the chat room, mona asks in line 42 Òare you there spermie?Ó, to which the new member finally provides the prompted, formal greeting Òyes, helloÓ in line 45. monaÕs question to spermie probably should not be considered an acknowledgement; instead, monaÕs question seems to be an indirect request to greet the chat room and identify himself. However, afterwards, spermieÕs greeting is not returned by mona or the other chat room participants, spermie does not move his video camera to identify himself, and he does not contribute to the chat room conversation. Finally, in line 82, more than two-and-a-half minutes later, mona exercises her moderator privileges and removes spermie from the chat room. This is indicated by the IVC program-generated message that reads Ò*** spermie has been removed by mona ***Ó, with the standard structure [member handle] + [action taken] + [ moderator handle]. After several more lines, in line 85, she explains Òi hate lurkers!!Ó As a result, the new member does not successfully gain entrance to the chat room.
Also noteworthy regarding this extract is the fact that line 82 is the only explicit indication up to this point in the transcript that mona is a chat room moderator. Moderators are not identified in any way by this particular IVC program, and it has been observed that moderator status is usually not discussed in any way by chat room participants, except in those cases where the moderator is also the owner of the chat room. This aspect of IVC seems to help control the behavior of new chat room members and facilitate interpersonal interaction; new members should be careful about what they say and to whom they say it until they get a feel for the chat room and its participants, lest they risk offending someone and being removed from the chat room.
The next two extracts
provide additional examples of a chat room participant removing a new member
from the chat room; however, in these cases, the new members are removed
because they violate posted chat room rules.
Extracts 2.2 & 2.3: Chat
room participant removes new members who violate room rules
Extract 2.2:
Extract 2.3:
Extracts 2.2 and 2.3 are almost identical in structure. In both cases, an unrecognized new member has entered the chat room without an announcement and with his video camera pointed away from his face. In fact, both new members appear to be totally nude and have their video cameras pointed at their laps. This behavior is in violation of posted chat room rules that state that men should not enter the chat room with only their genitals showing and that ÒwankingÓ Ð Òto masturbateÓ in IVC jargon Ð is not permitted unless permission is given by a chat room participant first. In Extract 2.2, several lines after the new member enters the chat room, mona removes the new member, as shown in line 650 with the IVC program-generated message Ò*** western has been removed by mona ***Ó. This is also the case in Extract 2.3, as shown in line 737. In both instances, the new members do not announce their entrances or greet the chat room, although the members have several moments to do so. Also in both instances, the new members are not acknowledged by chat room participants. Furthermore, in contrast to the case in Extract 1.4, the new members are not asked to show their faces. Lastly, after the members are removed from the chat room, participants make no mention of the membersÕ presence in or removal from the chat room. These extracts represent the most extreme, rapid, and direct examples of unsuccessful entry into IVC, and can be understood in terms of Coupland et al.Õs Level 5 of miscommunication.
The final extract of this study is an example of a new member who removes himself from the chat room without responding immediately after a participant acknowledges his entrance.
In line 103, mona acknowledges the new member with the formal greeting Òhello scooby,ÉÓ followed by the same question discussed previously in Extract 1.4 ÒÉgot a face?Ó, which indicates that the new member does not have his video camera pointed appropriately. scooby does not respond to monaÕs greeting or question, but instead, within just a few lines, he removes himself from the chat room for reasons unknown. It is possible that scooby does not wish to identify himself to the chat room participants, so he takes monaÕs greeting and question as an opportunity to exit without further contact. Or, it could be that scooby does not find the chat room, its participants, and its conversation topic interesting enough to attempt to gain successful entrance. Although in this example removal from the chat room is committed by the new member and not by a chat room participant, in contrast to the previously discussed unsuccessful entries, this should still be considered an unsuccessful attempt at entry into IVC because the result of monaÕs acknowledgement and question and scoobyÕs subsequent action is that scooby neither engages in greeting exchange with mona nor adjusts his video camera, which would likely have lead to his successful entry into the chat room. By removing himself, scooby does not allow for the possibility of being accepted by mona and the other chat room participants, and therefore, his entry attempt should be viewed as unsuccessful.
In this paper, I identified a number of factors that contribute to successful and unsuccessful entries into IVC. Regarding successful entries, new members engaged in greeting exchanges with chat room participants soon after entry. In the most successful examples, the new members initiated the greetings by announcing their entrances, which in all cases were followed up by acknowledgements and greetings by chat room participants. In other successful cases, chat room participants acknowledged and greeted the new members first soon after entry, and, immediately afterwards, the new members returned the greetings. All of these cases show the shared and mutual understandings that exist between these particular participants of appropriate interactional routines that allowed for successful entry into IVC.
Regarding unsuccessful entries, new members neglected to follow posted rules concerning appropriate interactional behavior in this particular chat room (e.g.: no lurking, and video camera positioning) and were promptly removed by the chat room moderator. These examples can be best understood as Level 5 types of miscommunication in Coupland et al.Õs integrative model: ÒMiscommunication resides in group and cultural phenomena, and may be accountable in terms of code-based or other cultural differences in behaviors, beliefs, or construalsÓ (1991, pp. 11ff., as cited in House, Kasper, & Ross, 2003, pp. 8-9). In another instance, a new member self-selected his non-entry into IVC for reasons unknown.
This study examined just one interactional feature in one isolated IVC session. Although very limited in scope, this study contributes to the body of CMC literature by taking a first look at openings in IVC. Future researchers should consider examining additional interactional features of IVC Ð for example, closings, repairs, gender differences, socialization Ð for a better understanding of interaction in this novel communication medium.
Bowker, N. I. & Liu, J. H. (2001). Are women occupying
positions of power online? Demographics of chat room operators. CyberPsychology
& Behavior, 4(5), 631Ð645.
Burnett, G. (2000). Information exchange in virtual
communities: A typology. Information Research: An International Electronic
Journal, 5(4). http://informationr.net/ir/5-4/paper82.html
Burnett, G. & Buerkle, H. (2004). Information exchange in virtual communities: A comparative study. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 9(2), http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol9/issue2/burnett.html
Crystal, D. (2001). Language and the Internet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Etzioni, A. & Etzioni, O. (1999). Face-to-face and computer-mediated communities: A comparative analysis. Information Society, 15(4), 241Ð249.
Freiermuth, M. R. (2001). Native speakers or non-native speakers: Who has the floor? Online and face-to-face interaction in culturally mixed small groups. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 14 (2), 169-199.
Gains, J. (1999). Electronic mail- a new style of communication or just a new medium?: An investigation into the text features of e-mail. English for Specific Purposes, 18(1), 81-101.
Hartford, B.S., & Bardovi-Harlig, K. (1996). "At your earliest
convenience:" A study of written student requests to faculty. In L.F.
Bouton (Ed.), Pragmatics and Language Learning Monograph Series, 7 (pp. 55-69). Urbana, IL: University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Herring, S. (1999). Interactional coherence in CMC. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 4(4), http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol4/issue4/herring.html
Hopper, R. (1998). Sequential
ambiguity in telephone openings: 'What are you doin'. Communication Monographs, 56(3), 240Ð253.
Hopper, R. & Chen, C.-H. (1996). Languages, cultures, relationships: Telephone openings in Taiwan. Research on Language & Social Interaction, 29(4), 291Ð314.
House, J., Kasper, G., & Ross, S. (2003). Misunderstanding talk. In J. House, G. Kasper, and S. Ross (Eds.), Misunderstanding in social life: Discourse approaches to problematic talk. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1Ð21.
Inglis, N.L. (1998). Worlds apart: Cross-cultural undercurrents in the use of email and the Internet. Language International, 10 (2), 16-17.
Jansen, E. (2004). Netlingo.com: The Internet dictionary. http://www.netlingo.com/
Linel, P. (1995). Troubles with mutualities: Towards a dialogical theory of misunderstanding and miscommunication. In Markov‡ et al. (Eds.), Mutualities in dialog. Cambridge University Press, 176Ð213.
Paolillo, J. (1999). The virtual speech community: Social network and language variation on IRC. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 4(4), http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol4/issue4/paolillo.html
Paolillo, J. C. (2001). Language variation on Internet relay chat: A social network approach. Journal of Sociolinguistics 5 (2), 180-213.
Rintel, E. S.,
Mulholland, J., & Pittam, J. (2001). First things
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Communication, 6(3), http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol6/issue3/rintel.html
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Routledge.
1
gina:
hey gr8
2
gr8m:
aloha!
3
gina:
hubby did it at Lowes
tonight, I almost died
4
adict:
Thanks for sharing Mona
5
mona:
lol gina
6
adict:
Does he pull the covers
over your head,..as an act of LOVE !!
7
mona:
hey gr8
8
Phil:
eeewwww
9
mona:
lol he does
10
gr8m:
aloha mona gina and all
11
adict:
He's a KEEPER then !!
12
mona:
how are you?
13
Phil:
man o man
14
gina:
noooo but my sis hubby
does that
15
mona:
that is so bad!
16
gina:
aloha gr8
17
Atomic:
What you doing in bed
with your sis's hubby?
18
adict:
Well,..trake a BIC
lighter to bed,..i am !!
19
mona:
good question atomic
20
gina:
dang not me, the little
cheater
21
Phil:
hahah have fun ad
22
Phil:
just don't burn your face
off
23
mona:
lol
24
gina:
or your pubic hair, if
you have any
25
Phil:
although I know you'll
burn your ass hairs
26
adict:
Speaking of Sperm !
27
mona:
ewwwww gina
28
adict:
Awesome Screen name
29
Phil:
LOL
30
gina:
haha Phil
31
mona:
lol
32
mona:
so original
33
Phil:
I don't shoot them
spermies no more
34
Phil:
they just stay put
35
mona:
awwwwwwww
36
adict:
hey,..we did that at
Camp,..it was a form of Male bonding
37
Phil:
LOL
38
mona:
lol ad
39
gina:
we get to see any tonight
in the next say, 1 min?
40
adict:
well,..kinda
41
Phil:
hahaha
42
mona:
are you there spermie?
43
adict:
Well,..let me workon up
fer ya Gina !
44
gina:
his hand is moving
45
spermie:
yes, hello
46
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
back
47
Phil:
knuckles
48
mona:
he is frozen here
49
mona:
wb SYB!!!
50
Phil:
hey syb
51
gina:
go for it Ad
52
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
thx hun
53
mona:
missed ya!!!
54
Phil:
here i'll leave you wiht
this while I go
55
spam:
tell me
56
gr8m:
why 1 minute gina?
57
adict:
Must be hung like a MULE !!
58
gina:
don't like waiting
59
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lol
60
mona:
maybe gina knows him
already?
61
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
what;s that?
62
Phil:
it's pointing to East
Saanich
63
gina:
nope
64
gr8m:
just cut right to the
goods?
65
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lol
66
mona:
lol phil
67
Phil:
I did this bottle for a
billboard
68
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
cool
69
gina:
you bet, only lasts a
couple of secs anyway
70
Phil:
it's 10,600 pixels tall
71
adict:
Gina,.. you know
Sperm,..(aka,..Pnis Knuckles0
72
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
wow
73
Phil:
it'll be about 3 feet
tall i guess
74
gina:
no Ad
75
gina:
just Heidi....lol
76
Phil:
and part of a billboard
on the road out to sidney
77
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
cool phil
78
gr8m:
cool phil
79
Phil:
thanks
80
mona:
very nice!
81
Phil:
haven't seen it yet tho
82
***
spermie has been removed by mona ***
83
adict:
cool Phil !!
84
gina:
take a pic of it
85
mona:
i hate lurkers!!
86
gr8m:
whats the liquor?
87
Phil:
it was hard not to make
it look like a limp dick
88
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
i just don't go there
anymore..until we go to Vancouver
89
adict:
That was one SILENT Sperm
!!
90
Phil:
it has to be pointing
dynamically
91
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lol
92
gina:
I used to do signs for
the Symphony and stuff, wish I had made pics of them
93
Phil:
it's for the Victoria
Estate Winery
94
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
where are they at?
95
gina:
well it is pointing
alright....seen a few cocks like that too lately
96
adict:
kinda reminds me of ME in
the morning Phil,....ahem !!
97
Phil:
hmmm north saanich
somewhere i guess
98
mona:
lol ad
99
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
oh
100
Phil:
LOL
101
gina:
haha ad
102
Phil:
anyway
103
mona:
hello scooby, got a face?
104
adict:
I have bigger Girth
though
105
Phil:
just wanted to show you
that
106
Phil:
LOL
107
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
thx
108
Phil:
i did two versions, one
with the liquid defying gravity
109
Phil:
and one with the liquid
monal
110
gina:
wb Atom
111
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
u know..it's only a
matter of time that we run into each other phil..lol
112
mona:
wb
113
Phil:
yeah
114
mona:
you might as well set at
time and meet
115
Atomic:
Thanks, had to get the
dog to climb out of the bath!
116
Phil:
might as well get it over
with and have coffee somewhere
117
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lmao
118
adict:
STAY away from him SYB
!!!!! he's MY beeyatch !!!
119
gina:
haha
120
Phil:
i was just thinking that
mona
121
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lol
122
mona:
lol
123
gina:
ewww wet dog smell
124
Phil:
LOL
125
Atomic:
Nope, it was empty
126
adict:
Merlot at 20 paces !!
127
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
we can talk about mona
128
Atomic:
I think he was hinting he
wanted a bath
129
Phil:
yeah!
130
mona:
lol
131
Phil:
but dont forget to bring
your wifey
132
mona:
lol ah
133
gr8m:
grat idea
134
Atomic:
He climbed in himself!
135
gr8m:
great
136
gr8m:
lets take a bath
137
gina:
wow
138
gina:
I prefer seeing showers
139
mona:
why not phil
140
mona:
hello mercury
141
Atomic:
So I've heard
142
mercury:
all well?
143
gina:
lol
144
mercury:
mona...hi
145
mona:
hi
146
Phil:
n. e. whey....
147
Phil:
brb
148
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
u want to meet my wife
phil?
149
gina:
ok
150
mona:
you both should bring
your wives, lol
151
gr8m:
does she know it syb?
152
adict:
wow,...your very Obliging
tonight Syb ! !
153
mercury:
a frank zappa fan?
154
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
we'll probably be
togehter if we run into each other
155
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lol ad
156
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
yes merc
157
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
well...was anyway
158
mercury:
guess i'm just
perceptive...lol
159
adict:
I think Phil is pausing
to Light a FART !!
160
gina:
161
gina:
162
mona:
lol
163
mercury:
album title... facial
hair...
164
gr8m:
gina's lost a key?
165
mercury:
oops
166
Atomic:
Gina's doing her famous
keyboard balancing act
167
mona:
wow i hope it was not a
juicy one, he had no undies on
168
adict:
Spilled coffee !?!?
169
Phil:
back
170
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lol
171
mona:
wb phil
172
gina:
oops....no
173
gina:
sorry
174
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
wb phil
175
adict:
lol Mona !!
176
adict:
Your BAD !!
177
gr8m:
no undies? who?
178
gina:
wb phil
179
Phil:
hahah you guys
180
mona:
everthing ok phil?
181
Atomic:
Monas has no undies
on????
182
Phil:
I just read your chat
183
adict:
Stinky,.... FEEEELTHY !!!
184
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
what!!??
185
mona:
no, not me, phil
186
Phil:
you guys talking about my
farts
187
adict:
yeap !
188
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
ewwww
189
mona:
and your lack of undies
190
Phil:
oh noooo not you mona
neverrrr
191
mona:
and the probable mess on
your chair
192
gina:
ewww
193
Phil:
oh god
194
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
jajajaja
195
Phil:
puleeeeez
196
adict:
ya,..those SKID MARKS
!!!!
197
Atomic:
Yuck, what is this, gross
out night?
198
gina:
you sit on a towel?
199
gr8m:
thats why i wear brown
undies
200
Phil:
yeah i do
201
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
ur wife sleeping phil?
202
Phil:
but if you really must
know
203
Phil:
I went for a pee
204
gina:
yeah it gets like that
sometimes AH
205
adict:
Now go WASH your FELTHY
butt hole !!
206
mona:
hey phil do you have a
crusty butt or did you clean before sitting?
207
Atomic:
Damn, Gina, I was sure
you'd said "You sit on a trowel?" lol!
208
Phil:
I am shower fresh!
209
gr8m:
lol!
210
Phil:
you should smell me
211
mona:
lol
212
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
no thanks
213
adict:
I'll pass
214
mona:
no thanks!
215
Phil:
I smell like a morning
meadow
216
Phil:
LOL
217
mercury:
kids getting curious this
side.... brb
218
gina:
wow, now that would have
been interesting....lol
219
adict:
Swamp Meadow,....
220
gr8m:
after a ack of wild dogs
ran through it?
221
mona:
lol
222
Atomic:
Unfortunately, it a
meadow where the cows have been farting all night :-))
223
Phil:
okay okay enough laready
224
mona:
lol ah
225
gina:
lol
226
adict:
Butt Crack Meadow ! ! ! !
227
mona:
lol
228
adict:
ok...nuff
229
Phil:
well if you dont like my
musky male smell well then too bad fer you
230
mona:
hello fsd
231
gina:
hi fsd
232
mona:
awwwww
233
fine_st_denise:
bonjour a tous
234
adict:
Ok,..I'll learn to like it then Phil
235
mona:
phil is getting mad
236
Phil:
LOL
237
mona:
lol ad
238
adict:
if it means our
friendship
239
gr8m:
*sniff*
240
mona:
bonjour
241
gina:
haha
242
mona:
friendship???
243
adict:
<--------- bending
OVER !!
244
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
as usual
245
gina:
lol
246
Phil:
nowhere else I can go for
this kind of abuse
247
Phil:
gotta love it
248
mona:
wow ad is having a
blast!!!
249
adict:
And its FREEE ! !! !
250
gina:
poor Phil
251
Atomic:
Consider it a public
service
252
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lol
253
Phil:
he is? a flatulent blast?
254
gina:
I saw that too mona
255
Atomic:
Tax deductable though
256
adict:
it's the Crack !!
257
mona:
lol
258
Phil:
lol a pubic service
259
adict:
Thanks Mona
260
mona:
:o)
261
mona:
wb gj
262
gi_joe:
thanks
263
Phil:
F7--
264
gina:
is he getting into the
tub again?
265
gi_joe:
wheres gin:(
266
Atomic:
Nah, just trying to drink
for the sink
267
adict:
No,...NOT the tub
!!?!?!?!?
268
mona:
who is?
269
Phil:
she's here
270
Atomic:
from the sink even!
271
gina:
wow got em trained to
drink from the sink
272
mona:
im lost
273
Atomic:
It's his latest trick,
he's gonna end up pulling the damn thing from the wall
274
gina:
haha
275
Atomic:
brb
276
gina:
ok
277
mona:
who is he talking about?
278
Phil:
i think Atom is talking
about his dog Mona
279
gina:
Atom has a big dog
280
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lol
281
mona:
oh ok
282
gina:
he is drinking from the
sink
283
Phil:
LOL
284
mona:
and not from the toilet?
285
gina:
guess not
286
gi_joe:
<going to leave and
renter see if gin pops up
287
Phil:
apparently he has
graduated from the toilet
288
gina:
and he got into the tub
earlier
289
mona:
lol
290
mona:
wb
291
gina:
all better?
292
mona:
wb atomic
293
Atomic:
Yup, done his business
294
gina:
in the sink?
295
mona:
cool
296
Phil:
LOL
297
Atomic:
He never drank from the
toilet, always uses the sink
298
Atomic:
He saw the cat do it
299
Phil:
wow
300
gina:
lol
301
gi_joe:
wow you should hear this
wind
302
Phil:
one time, and one time
only
303
mona:
that is why i dont have
animals!
304
Phil:
my cat used the toilet
for its intended use
305
mona:
lol
306
adict:
We just talked about
FARTING a while back gj!!!
307
gina:
really?
308
Phil:
yeah the little feline
squatted up on the rim and did his thing
309
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lol
310
gina:
that is cool
311
Phil:
it was so cute
312
Phil:
but we could not get him
to do it again
313
gi_joe:
farting you have to meet
my dog clear a room in seconds
314
mona:
lol
315
Phil:
it was like a one time
thing
316
Atomic:
Went in the park, he
ALWAYS does his business next to the doggy bins :-)
317
gina:
bummer
318
mona:
lol gj
319
adict:
Your Dog is my IDOL !!
320
Phil:
LOL
321
gina:
lol
322
Atomic:
:-)
323
gi_joe:
i went to lie down he is
hogging the bed so i'm up for a bit longer lol
324
Phil:
yeah well my kid at 6
months changed her own diapers!
325
Atomic:
We didn't even train him
that, he just learnt it himself
326
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
hahahah phil
327
adict:
Man,...he's Dogg Whipped
!
328
adict:
;-)
329
mona:
lol
330
gr8m:
my kid did too, phil...al
over the walls
331
Phil:
yeah and at 1 year she
made breakfast
332
Phil:
eeew
333
mona:
lol gr8
334
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lol
335
gina:
ewww gr8
336
gr8m:
you bet
337
Phil:
okay I made that up...
but the cat story is true
338
gina:
you teach em that?
339
Atomic:
lol
340
mona:
lol sure phil
341
mona:
we believe you!
342
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
brb..smoke
343
mona:
awww
344
gi_joe:
i was going to ask what
was for breakfast
345
mona:
again
346
gr8m:
credibility out the
window
347
gina:
haha
348
adict:
T U R K E Y !!!!!
349
Phil:
yeah
350
mona:
lol
351
gr8m:
someone is singing
karaoke something awful!
352
gina:
where?
353
Phil:
like on Logan's Run....
those rotating truth holograms of his head
354
mona:
who is?
355
gr8m:
my neighbors
356
Atomic:
Probably Phil's cat
357
gina:
haha
358
mona:
lol
359
gr8m:
linda rhonstadt (sp?)
360
Phil:
hahah
361
gina:
I loved Logans Run, I
thought it was a cool movie
362
Phil:
oh man really?
363
Atomic:
No h
364
adict:
Well,..night peoples,...
365
Phil:
isn't that the worst 70s
sci fi movie ever made?
366
gina:
nooo
367
adict:
am off to pull the sheets
over my head
368
mona:
going to bed ad???
369
Atomic:
Nah, it's a great movie
370
Phil:
okay have fun ad
371
adict:
yeah
372
mona:
awww why so early?
373
mona:
hello jman
374
gina:
night Ad, get some warm
rest
375
gr8m:
nighty night
376
Phil:
don't blow yourself up
377
Atomic:
You get to see Jenny
Agguter naked :-))
378
adict:
almost 3 here Mona
379
Phil:
and whatever you do....
380
adict:
Thanks Phil
381
Phil:
don't flush yourself down
the toilet
382
mona:
lol you are getting
old!!!
383
gina:
lol
384
mona:
have sweet dreams
CHIQUITO!
385
adict:
Nope...just wiser
386
adict:
Thanks !!
387
adict:
Nite all !!
388
Atomic:
Nite Ad
389
Phil:
night
390
mona:
GOOD NIGHT
391
gr8m:
nite
392
Phil:
hahahahhaa mona
393
Phil:
kablooey! must be a messy
one
394
gr8m:
cmon mona...lets see
395
Atomic:
Damn, I love to watch a
good sneeze!
396
gina:
guess he needs a heater
next to his bed too
397
gr8m:
such ha turn on
398
mona:
LOL SILLY
399
Phil:
yeah it's the only other
time a person has no control over themself
400
Atomic:
Especially when it all
hits the cam
401
gina:
one guy earlier says it
looks cool, all sparkly
402
mona:
need to go get a tissue, to clean it up
403
gr8m:
i can think of a few
other itmes phil
404
mona:
lol
405
Atomic:
Not sure which one comes
out faster though
406
Phil:
eeew mona
407
gina:
ok mona
408
mona:
hello eric and propter
409
mona:
lol gina
410
mona:
no sparklies here
411
gina:
good
412
mona:
<====== hates colds!!!
413
Atomic:
You sneeze in your eye
Mona? :-)
414
Phil:
oh that's right
415
mona:
lol
416
Phil:
I'm sorry to hear about
that
417
mona:
im sorry too!!! I REALLY
HATE THEM
418
gina:
hates them too...hope you
get well soon
419
Phil:
hey who likes em?
420
mona:
thanks!
421
gr8m:
do you know someone who
likes them mona?
422
Phil:
LOL really
423
gina:
bet hypochondriacs do
424
mona:
nope but im sure there
are some that do!
425
gr8m:
true...
426
mona:
see!
427
Atomic:
My local pharmasist loves
them!
428
Atomic:
(sp)
429
gina:
haha
430
Phil:
yeah like lil kids who
can get the day off from school
431
mona:
see, another example
432
gr8m:
pharmassochist
433
mona:
kids phil?? men in
general
434
gina:
lol gr8
435
Phil:
lol
436
gina:
sounds like Frankenstein
437
Phil:
geez mona
438
Phil:
you generalize too much
439
Phil:
cuz i don't fit in with
that little idea you have
440
mona:
well, i have 5 brothers,
a father and a husband
441
gina:
ooohhhh
442
mona:
been around men a lot
443
Phil:
haha
444
Phil:
an experienced woman
445
Atomic:
I've always wondered what
it must be like to be a guy living in a town called General
446
Phil:
oops that could be taken
the wrong way
447
Astronaut:
hey people
448
mona:
lol
449
Atomic:
Must think everyone's
talking about you
450
mona:
hello astronaut
451
gr8m:
aloha
452
Phil:
yeah people in general
453
Astronaut:
hiya mona
454
mona:
lol silly ah
455
mona:
how are you?
456
Astronaut:
eh im alright i'd be
better if i wasnt bored how u doin
457
mona:
when are you going to
iraq?
458
gina:
hi ravis
459
Astronaut:
jan 22nd for a year
460
mona:
im good thanks
461
Ravis64:
hello
462
mona:
wow, what will you do
there?
463
mona:
hello ravis
464
gina:
gettin a little nippy
ain't it?
465
Phil:
kick saddam's butt
466
Astronaut:
avoid getting shot and blown
up as much as possible
467
Phil:
yep it is
468
Ravis64:
hey there mona
469
mona:
YAAAAAWWWWNNN!!!
470
Phil:
good plan astronaut
471
mona:
wow
472
Ravis64:
and gina
473
Astronaut:
exactly
474
mona:
sounds like fun
475
Phil:
yaaawwwnnn???
476
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
back
477
Phil:
wb syb
478
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
thx
479
mona:
WB SYB!!!A
480
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
awww
481
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
soooo?
482
Phil:
what was yawwwwn all
about?
483
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
what i miss?
484
Atomic:
Mona's sneeze
485
mona:
it was gr8 yawning big
time
486
Phil:
more stuff about farts
487
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
phil is dressed!!
488
mona:
well, i missed ya!
489
gr8m:
yes, "the
sneeze"
490
Phil:
and then sneez
491
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
awww
492
Phil:
yeah i just put it on now
493
mona:
you didnt see the sneeze
494
gina:
bottom too?
495
gr8m:
will be legend on ivisit
496
Phil:
sorry you can't see any
more of my nakedness but all good things must come to an end
497
mona:
lol
498
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
let';s go private then!!1
499
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lol
500
Atomic:
I once read about a woman
who had an orgasm every time she sneezed
501
mona:
awwww phil
502
Phil:
lucky girl
503
gr8m:
wow!
504
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
facial orgasms are great!
505
mona:
really?
506
Phil:
hahahah
507
gr8m:
LOL
508
mona:
how do you get one?
509
mona:
finger in the mouth?
510
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
<-- come visit
511
Atomic:
It was in the Enquirer
though
512
gina:
lol
513
Phil:
years and years of
tantric breathing and facial exercise
514
mona:
<==== cant, would get
killed by wife
515
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lol
516
gr8m:
i had a girlfriend who
claimed to have orgasms through her top lip
517
mona:
lol
518
Astronaut:
ah the advantages of not
being married
519
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
awwww
520
mona:
wow
521
Astronaut:
no wife to worry about
522
Atomic:
Yuck, didn't it leave a
sticky mess in her mouth?
523
gr8m:
true
524
Phil:
yeah rub it in astronaut
525
mona:
you are right astroth
526
Astronaut:
exactly =P
527
mona:
lol
528
mona:
you will someitme and
then we will laugh
529
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
yeh
530
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
jajajaja
531
Astronaut:
skhvas
532
Phil:
the only thing that
doesn't stop some of us from getting together and fucking like rabid beavers is
being married
533
mona:
lol
534
Phil:
oops that does stop us
535
gina:
lol
536
mona:
really?
537
Phil:
double negative or
something in there somewhere
538
mona:
i would say the distance
539
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
and the border
540
gina:
who says
541
Astronaut:
heh id fuck like a rabid
beaver
542
Phil:
distance didn't stop last
time
543
Atomic:
Oh, I read it without the
"like" in there!
544
mona:
lucky you
545
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
do beavers fuck?
546
Phil:
hell yeah
547
mona:
im sure they do
548
Atomic:
I must read these things
more carefully
549
gr8m:
virtual sex can be fun
too
550
Phil:
save a tree eat a beaver
551
Astronaut:
of course they do thats
where baby beavers come from
552
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
i thought they only mated
553
mona:
lol you are so wise
astronaut
554
Astronaut:
yes yes i am
555
Astronaut:
i have seen my things for
my age
556
gina:
no thanks phil
557
Phil:
virtual sex can get to be
tiring
558
mona:
lol
559
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
aren't we the only
animals that fuck for pleasure
560
gina:
sure can
561
mona:
why tiring? cause you
have to do all the work?
562
mona:
yes we are
563
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
i think so
564
Phil:
LOL mona there comes a
time when you have to get together
565
gr8m:
it depends on your
"partner"
566
Astronaut:
no no no chinchillas do
too
567
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lucky us!!!
568
Phil:
I thought monkeys did it
too
569
mona:
lol what astronaut?
570
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
for fun?
571
gr8m:
monkeys masturbate, so...
572
Phil:
yeah
573
gr8m:
i guess thats for a
reason?
574
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
sooo....wankers=monkeys?
575
mona:
lol
576
Atomic:
yeah I know, buy they
charge too much
577
Astronaut:
yeah and masturbate but
does that make me a monkey? no so henceforth chinchillas fuck for fun
578
mona:
that is the perfect
comparison
579
Phil:
my friend's dog so
urgently wanted to fuck the laundry n etime
580
Astronaut:
errr i masturbate
581
gina:
wow moved from farts to
monkey masturbation....what a wild group tonight....LOL
582
gr8m:
LOL
583
Phil:
LOL
584
mona:
lol
585
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lol
586
gina:
omg
587
gr8m:
true true
588
Atomic:
SO, when we get around to
the Monkey farting, we;ll have come full circle
589
Phil:
time to hit F7 once more
590
Astronaut:
hmm that sounds like a
good idea actually...hahaha
591
gina:
lol
592
mona:
lol
593
gr8m:
what?
594
mona:
he meant
595
Phil:
it's an in-joke
596
mona:
anyways = F7
597
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
<-- wants to
"monkey" all over mona's chest
598
Atomic:
lol
599
mona:
omg
600
Phil:
spunkey monkey
601
mona:
wooooohooo
602
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
uhuh
603
Phil:
anyway
604
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
L7
605
Atomic:
He wants to spank his
monkey :-)
606
Astronaut:
whoa a womans
chest...amazing
607
Phil:
1 AM
608
Phil:
time to head outa here
609
mona:
is it time?
610
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
<- can't believe his
own ears
611
gina:
aww that is early
612
Phil:
LOL
613
Phil:
early for you maybe gina
614
mona:
<=== can imagine the
scene!
615
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
yeh
616
gina:
no 3AM here
617
mona:
oh come on phily
618
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
it's Saturday nite
619
Phil:
yeah i know
620
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
sooo?
621
mona:
yeah dont be such a party
pooper
622
Astronaut:
lol
623
Phil:
you want me to stay up
all ning and talk about farts huh
624
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
u going to wake the mrs?
625
Phil:
night even
626
Phil:
hell no syb
627
Phil:
that is not done here
628
Atomic:
Mona will tell you more
fart stories if you stay
629
gina:
no change the subject
630
mona:
lol
631
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lol
632
gina:
what is not done here?
633
Astronaut:
damnit boredom sux
634
mona:
i have no more stories
about farts
635
Phil:
one of the ten
commandments... thou shall not wake thine wife for sex in the middle of the
night
636
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lmao
637
gina:
haha
638
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
<-- sinner
639
Phil:
yer lucky
640
mona:
be a sinner phil
641
Phil:
if she doesnt get pissed
off at ya
642
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
never!
643
Phil:
no mine would just tell
me to piss off
644
gina:
lol
645
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
really?
646
mona:
no way
647
Phil:
and get mad cuz now she
can't get back to sleep
648
mona:
i would love that
649
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
just tell her to roll
over
650
***
western has been removed by mona ***
651
Phil:
geez mona
652
Phil:
where the hell have you
been all my life anyway
653
gr8m:
mona, if they were all
like u
654
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
night sex is great
655
mona:
lol
656
Phil:
I know syb
657
mona:
middle of the night sex
is amazing
658
mona:
and morning
659
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
yeh
660
mona:
and afternoon and evening
661
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
and noon
662
Atomic:
lol
663
Phil:
yeah yeah tell us all
about it
664
mona:
in a few words SEX IS
AMAZING
665
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lol mona
666
Phil:
and make us jealous
667
Astronaut:
sex is one the best
things to partake of period
668
mona:
<==== too bad doesnt
get it all
669
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
awww
670
Phil:
how come some people
don't want to have sex constantly??? I just don't get it
671
gr8m:
why is it?
672
mona:
I dont get it either
673
Phil:
and why did i have to be
married to one?
674
mona:
hello fangal
675
Astronaut:
im sorry u dont get it
all mona u need help wioth that =P
676
fangal:
hi all!
677
mona:
lol
678
gr8m:
ask dr. joyce bros.
679
mona:
<=== same here
680
Phil:
LOL the world may never
know
681
mona:
lol gr8
682
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
sometimes one just is too
tired!...and needs a few minutes of rest
683
Phil:
yes that is right syb
684
Phil:
but there is a limit to
that
685
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
yeh
686
gr8m:
a limit to rest
687
mona:
where from fangal?
688
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
kids are the trouble too
689
fangal:
Way up in the Great White
North -- Alberta, Canada -- and you?
690
mona:
no way, lock the door
691
Phil:
yeah i think it was childbirth
that started the trouble
692
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lol
693
mona:
im from Mexico
694
gr8m:
bingo phil!
695
mona:
that is a lame excuse!
696
Astronaut:
yer mexican?!?!?! i love
you...=P
697
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
jajajaj
698
Phil:
it changed her identity
from "wife/lover" to "mother"
699
mona:
childbirth doesnt affect
a thing
700
mona:
lol
701
fangal:
Nice! No weather worries where you're at,
then!
702
Phil:
for some it does mona
703
gr8m:
like we said mona, if
they were all like u...
704
mona:
not for me
705
mona:
but it seems it affected
him
706
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
need more wine
707
Phil:
when she identifies
herself entirely as something else
708
mona:
no weather worries here!
709
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
brb
710
Phil:
k
711
mona:
hb
712
gina:
like what?
713
mona:
anyways!
714
fangal:
just a sec...
715
mona:
we will never know phil
why some people are not into sex all the time
716
Phil:
as "mother"....
it became the core of her identity
717
gina:
oh
718
mona:
wb syb
719
gr8m:
but mothers gave sex too
720
Phil:
quick there
721
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
thx hun
722
mona:
lol
723
gr8m:
have
724
Phil:
hey argue till the cows
come home gr8m
725
gr8m:
im with u guy...
726
mona:
lol
727
Phil:
you're preaching to the
choir
728
Phil:
yep
729
gr8m:
ur wife's jpns?
730
Phil:
yeah
731
mona:
i guess i will shudup,
phil will be even more pissed off
732
gr8m:
ditto
733
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lmao mona
734
Phil:
yeah i'm gonna have to go
have a good "mad wank"
735
Phil:
LOL
736
Astronaut:
yeah me 4
737
***
kally has been removed by mona ***
738
Phil:
i dont think the japanese
thing has that much to do with it tho
739
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
japanes?
740
Phil:
cuz there are some
nymphos in that country
741
gr8m:
maybe, but...
742
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
is ur wife japanes?
743
Phil:
yeah the traditional
conservative upbringing
744
gr8m:
until kids come along
745
Phil:
yes syb
746
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
cool culture
747
mona:
kids are not an excuse!!!
i insist!
748
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
ur right mona
749
Phil:
yeah it's interesting
750
Phil:
thanks mona
751
gr8m:
yes! mona's right!
752
mona:
lol
753
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
but mini-me sleeps in our
room
754
Phil:
I've been telling her
that for 10 years
755
mona:
that is a big mistake!!!
756
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lol
757
Phil:
oh they do that in Japan
too
758
Phil:
and that is another sex
killer
759
mona:
<=== never had a kid
sleeping in my bed, no way
760
Phil:
I'm telling ya
761
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lol
762
mona:
lol
763
Phil:
it totally spoils the kid
764
mona:
and the wife
765
Phil:
it was so hard to get
them to sleep in their own rooms when we moved to canada
766
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
yeh..makes her look
elsewhere
767
Astronaut:
man i dont have kid or a
wife im fuckin set
768
mona:
she has another excuse
besides the headache
769
gr8m:
and the climax
770
Phil:
LOL Astro
771
mona:
lol
772
Phil:
yes
773
Phil:
you know much of this
mona... you are very wise
774
gr8m:
stick to a virtual
marriage astro
775
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
mona IS wise
776
mona:
shudup
777
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
our GURU
778
Atomic:
Mona, the room's sex-ed
councillor :-)
779
mona:
im just talking about me!
780
Phil:
haha
781
mona:
yeah right, like if i
wasnt messed up enough
782
Astronaut:
monas the woman
783
Phil:
yep
784
mona:
<==== just a sex
lover!
785
Phil:
<==== wants to share
that
786
Phil:
LOL
787
Atomic:
lol
788
mona:
LOL
789
mona:
hello sk
790
SK: hi
791
Atomic:
Sounds like there's
plenty to go around :-)
792
mona:
lol
793
mona:
anyways!
794
Atomic:
:-)
795
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lol
796
Phil:
N.E. Whey
797
Atomic:
What's our next lesson
Miss Mona? :-)
798
mona:
let me think
799
gr8m:
gina disappeared
800
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
"how to please a
woman"
801
mona:
:(
802
mona:
you tell me!
803
gr8m:
silence?
804
Astronaut:
i can tell u im bored
805
Phil:
well.... hmmmmm
806
mona:
we are sorry astronaut
807
Astronaut:
yeah y are =P
808
Astronaut:
err yeah ya are =P
809
mona:
lol
810
mona:
awww we do care
811
Phil:
i guess we have to talk
about sex some more then
812
gr8m:
dont treat a woman to
boredom
813
Atomic:
We;re a caring sharing
bunch
814
gr8m:
treat a woman to bedroom
815
Phil:
LOL
816
Atomic:
Well caring anyway :-))
817
mona:
lol
818
Phil:
well i'm not about to
give away all my secrets
819
mona:
bedroom sounds good
820
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
sounds great
821
gr8m:
lol phil
822
mona:
you have secrets?
823
Atomic:
lol
824
mona:
use them!!
825
Phil:
some patented techniques
826
gr8m:
exactly!
827
mona:
hello benny
828
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
any soft horizontal
surface
829
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
moss
830
mona:
what the heck are you
doing here if you have secrets
831
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
hay
832
Atomic:
Gee, they'll patent
anything these days :-)
833
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
mattress
834
Phil:
hahahaha
835
Dv: hello
836
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
grass
837
mona:
lol
838
Phil:
oh man
839
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
leaves
840
gr8m:
grass is itchy
841
mona:
hello dv
842
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
beach
843
Phil:
been so long since having
sex outdoors
844
Dv: hi mona how are you?
845
mona:
got a face dv?
846
mona:
im good thanks
847
Astronaut:
degfuawdsvg
848
george35:
hi all
849
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
lol
850
mona:
what?
851
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
?
852
mona:
hello george
853
Phil:
oiojtlksfjdkjoiser
854
Dv: yeah sorry didnt think anyone would want
to watch me eating
855
mona:
why not
856
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
phil is drunk!!1
857
Phil:
LOL
858
mona:
depends on what you are
eating
859
gr8m:
if its good, we'd like
some too
860
mona:
lol
861
Atomic:
hey, that's Mona's
favourite!
862
Phil:
i'm getting hungry
863
mona:
yeah
864
mona:
i want some
865
Dv: icecream and fruit salad
866
Phil:
but eating at this time
of night just gives you heartburn in bed
867
mona:
yummy
868
gr8m:
r uu wearing a ufo tshirt
phil?
869
Astronaut:
870
Phil:
LOL how does this guy
know?
871
gr8m:
u stood u[p
872
mona:
he has a cam phil
873
gr8m:
im psychic
874
mona:
and you too
875
mona:
lol
876
Atomic:
lol - always the simple
explanations
877
gr8m:
"id like to report a
ufo"
878
mona:
hello bobs
879
mona:
nobs
880
mona:
lol gr8
881
nobs:
hi mona
882
mona:
lol phil
883
nobs:
how u been?
884
mona:
im good thanks and you?
885
nobs:
good 2
886
nobs:
having fun here?
887
Phil:
NOBS... National oral
book stimulator
888
mona:
i guess astro got too
bored
889
Dv: bye all im going to have a look around
890
mona:
lol phil
891
gr8m:
eerie blue ginw u have
nobs
892
mona:
yes i am
893
mona:
have fun dv
894
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
cya dv
895
nobs:
yes... it looks like it
896
nobs:
lol
897
Phil:
I am spoonman! That's
S-P-Ooooo-N-M-A-N
898
Atomic:
lol
899
Phil:
first among utensils to
bring food, fun and trouble!
900
mona:
lol silly
901
Atomic:
Trouble, with a spoon??
902
nobs:
you r not bi-sexual mona
.... by any chance?
903
Phil:
now you are in Spoonman's
corner... good work!
904
mona:
yes i am
905
Phil:
Now you are in Spoonman's
dream --- good luck!
906
mona:
why?
907
mona:
lol
908
nobs:
so am i
909
gr8m:
omg
910
Phil:
okay well I'll complete
the sandwich then
911
gr8m:
thats the closest to sex
ive seen all day atom
912
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
well....night all. been
fun
913
nobs:
lol
914
gr8m:
night syb
915
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
cya phil...
916
Phil:
ohhh so now YOU are
taking off
917
mona:
lol
918
mona:
awww
919
Atomic:
I hate it when he
Frenchies me!
920
Phil:
okay cya syb
921
mona:
good night!!!
922
Phil:
night
923
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
bye mona
924
mona:
lol
925
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
bye all
926
mona:
bye syb, besitos
927
Phil:
g'night
928
SHAKE_YOUR_BUTT:
besitos!!1
929
Atomic:
Need to get his breath
fixed too!
930
mona:
are you bi nobs?
931
nobs:
well mona.... what do we
do now?
932
nobs:
yes
933
mona:
well...
934
mona:
we can keep chatting here
935
mona:
<== would really like
to watch one of gr8's famous shows
936
mona:
<=== big fan!
937
gr8m:
i just made a vid clip
yesterday
938
gr8m:
:-O
939
mona:
wooohoo
940
Phil:
uh oh
941
mona:
when do we get to watch
it?
942
mona:
wb sk
943
mona:
how old are you sk?
944
SK: 19 from belgium
945
***
souL has been removed by mona ***
946
mona:
you look like 13
947
SK: lol
948
SK: in a few years that could be a compliment
949
mona:
why nobs?
950
SK: :-)
951
mona:
was he bugging ya?
952
nobs:
because soul never shows
his face!!!!
953
mona:
well everyone, it is
beddy time here!!!!
954
nobs:
he knows better now
955
mona:
yeah he does
956
Phil:
yep same here
957
mona:
have a good night
everyone!!!!!
958
nobs:
do u want to go private
with me? mona
959
gr8m:
gnight all
960
mona:
im going to bed
961
topquark:
hi all
962
Phil:
ok mona... wise choice,
need to sleep
963
mona:
bye bye!!!
964
mona:
yess i do
965
Phil:
night sexy
966
Phil:
sweet nasty dreams!
967
Atomic:
Nite Mona
968
nobs:
awwwww
969
gr8m:
stop by my room tomorrow
:-)
970
mona:
what time?
971
mona:
LOL
972
nobs:
ok... sleep tight
973
Phil:
lol
974
gr8m:
afternoon
975
nobs:
with me?
976
quark:
ahhhh, love is in the air
977
nobs:
mona???
978
Phil:
LOL
979
Phil:
well folks g'night
980
gr8m:
night phil
981
Atomic:
Must be the time of night
982
Phil:
have fun
983
Atomic:
Night Phil
984
gr8m:
take care all
[1] For further discussion of female chat room moderators
and their positions of power online, please see Bowker and Liu (2001).
[2] It has been noticed that handles of more than two
syllables, especially compound handles, are usually shortened by chat room
participants, even in greetings, regardless of whether the member is known or
not. Lengthy or compound handles can be difficult to type due to their unfamiliarity
and can cause communication lags and miscommunication. Handle shortening in
greetings facilitates interaction by lessening the length of the greeting turn,
thereby moving to quickly bring the new member into the chat room.
[3] It has been observed within this particular domain of
IVC that men tend to defer to women in order to gain entrance into chat rooms
and to get women to participate in IVC. Men who do not follow this norm risk
being removed or banned from chat rooms. This norm is often explicitly stated
within the rules of both male and female-dominated chat rooms. This observation
contradicts findings by Soukup (1999), among many others (see literature review
in Soukup, 1999), who have found that females in Internet relay chat rooms (IRC Ð cf. IVC) are often intimidated and
dominated by male discourse practices.
[4] Although French is rarely heard in this chat room,
Spanish is heard frequently because it is the first language of many regular
participants, including mona.
[5] This personal identification feature of IVC contrasts
with the individual anonymity promoted and preserved in IRC (for further
discussion of anonymity in IRC, see Crystal, 2001; Paolillo, 1999; Soukup,
1999; Wellman & Gulia, 1999). This difference
is most likely directly connected to the technological difference between the
two chat mediums. However, it should be pointed out that not all Internet video
chat rooms have rules that require participants to identify themselves with
live video images.
[6] Although it is not clear why this is the case, it has
been observed that handles that contain a numeric suffix Ð such as Ò64Ó in the
case of ÒRavis64Ó, or Ò35Ó in the case of Ògeorge35Ó from Extract 1.4 Ð are
often shortened to the root handle.
contents (c) 2007 Shawn Ford/ Webb-Ed Press
sford@hawaii.edu