1 Stanley F. Wright, Hart and the Chinese Customs (Belfast: W.M. Mullen and Son, 1950), 400.

2 Sarasin Viraphol, Tribute and Profit: Sino-Siamese Trade, 1652-1853 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1977); Jennifer Wayne Cushman, Fields from the Sea: Chinese Junk Trade with Siam during the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, Southeast Asia Program, 1993); Ng Chin-Keong, Trade and Society: The Amoy Network on the China Coast, 1683-1735 (Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1983); Leonard Blusse, Strange Company: Chinese Settlers, Mestizo Women, and the Dutch in VOC Batavia (Holland: Foris Publications, 1986); Worcester, G.R.G., The Junks and Sampans of the Yangtze (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1971); and Tien Ju-kang, " The Place of Chinese Sailing Ships in Shipping and Trade of Southeast Asia from the 17th to the mid-19th centuries, " Li-shih Yen-chiu 12: 1-12.

3 Marcus Rediker, Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987).

4 The Whang Ho, the Amoy, and the Free China are a few of the other 19th century junks which ended up on the West Coast. Today's modern pleasure junks from Hong Kong are not representative of traditional working craft.

5 Worcester, customs inspector for the maritime service in Shanghai, recorded several large Fujian craft in the early decades of the twentieth century as having been more than 150 years old, a testimony to their extremely overbuilt construction.

6 Interestingly, the size, time period built, and use of teak on the Ning Po are all indicators suggesting that this vessel may have been built in Siam, Chinese ship construction being fairly common there at the time due to cheap labor and materials. See John Crawfurd, Journal of an Embassy from the Governor General of India to the Courts of Siam and Cochin China (London: Henry Colburn, 1828).

7 Sources for the popular description of the Ning Po history include: William F. Brown, " Ning Po: Chinese Pirate Junk, " Mains'l Haul: A Journal of Maritime History 29, no. 4 (1993): 19-23; Donald Kennedy, " The Infamous Ningpo, " American Neptune (October 1969): 262-274; H.K. Ravmenton, "The Venerable Ning Po," San Diego Historical Society Quarterly 4, no. 4 (1958): 50-54.