Date: Thu, 15 Oct 1998 10:26:04 -1000 (HST)
From: Ruth Horie ruthh@hawaii.edu
To: hicat-l@hawaii.edu
Subject: Hawaiian language diacritics

To follow up on the last message regarding the coding of non-filing characters in titles, here is information on the coding of diacritics:

In modern orthography, Hawaiian has two diacritical marks associated with vowels:

The `ayn represents a consonant and appears before a vowel. It is not to be confused with the apostrophe ('), which in earlier texts may represent an `ayn or an apostrophe:

`a (`ayn, glottal stop, single open quote, `okina, `u`ina)

older form: ka'u
modern form: ka`u (`ayn)

older form: ola'i
modern form: ola'i (apostrophe: full form is ola ai)

The macron indicates long vowel length and appears over a vowel. It is not to be confused with the acute accent (/), which in earlier texts may represent either an `ayn or a macron:

_
a (macron, overscore, mekona, kahako)

older form: ka[acute]a
modern form: ka`a (`ayn)

older form: k[acute]ana
modern form: k[macron]ana

When both diacritics are used in connection with the same vowel, code the `ayn first and the macron second, followed by the vowel:

[`ayn][macron]a

In transcribing a title in which the `ayn is used before a consonant, enter the title as it appears in the 245 and if it is possible to determine the correct form, trace it as a 246 3_ added entry.

on piece: 245 00 O`hana
added entry: 246 3_ `Ohana

List Owner, HICAT-L
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Ruth Horie, Cataloging Dept., Hamilton Library
University of Hawaii at Manoa
2550 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 U.S.A.
ph.(808)956-2764 fax 956-5968 ruthh@hawaii.edu
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