MICRO 130 STUDY GUIDE
SAMPLE SECOND EXAM
This should give you a pretty good idea of the types of questions I like
to pose. Hopefully you will discuss and analyze them with other students
in the class. If you're really stuck in trying to come up with an answer,
call me (734-9123) or e-mail me (johnb@hawaii.edu)
and I will get back to you.
Some questions refer to figures which unfortunately haven't been placed
into this document yet. In most cases I believe that the context of the
question will inform you about the facts and ideas you could be tested
on. If you do want to see the figure, the exam on reserve in the library
has the diagrams - but the questions are not in the same order as they
are here.
MICROBIOLOGY 130
NAME____________________________________________
SECOND MIDTERM - October 26,1994
1. A child has type AB blood. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
-
A. the child's phenotype is AB
-
B. the child inherited an I(A) allele from one parent and an I(B) allele
from the other parent
-
C. the child's genotype is I(A), I(B)
-
D. the child has two blood type genes
-
E. the child has one I(AB) gene
2. Which of the following is mismatched
-
A. DNA polymerase - makes DNA from a DNA template
-
B. Spliceosome - removes introns (non-coding sequences) from the mRNA of
eucaryotes
-
C. Reverse transcriptase - makes DNA from the RNA in retroviruses
-
D. Gyrase and helicase - transcribe and translate the mRNA of procaryotes
-
E. RNA polymerase - makes RNA from the (+) strand of DNA
3. Which of the following is a mutagen found in moldy peanuts
-
A. Silver nitrate
-
B. Aflatoxin
-
C. Ultraviolet light
-
D. Nitrosamines and nitrous acid
-
E. Base analogs
4. What is false about this diagram?
-
A. (1) represents the electron transport chain
-
B. (1) represents a series of proton pumps
-
C. (3) represents the proton motive force which will be used to drive ATP
synthesis
-
D. (2) represents the enzyme that makes ATP
-
E. (4) represents NADH2
5. The DNA probe, 5' G G C T T A, will hybridize with which single stranded
DNA?
-
A. 3' C C G U U A
-
B. 3' C C G A A T
-
C. 3' G G C T T A
-
D. 3' G G C U U A
-
E. 3' C C C A A U
6. Which of the following organisms would probably be most sensitive to
penicillin?
-
A. a yeast like Candida albicans
-
B. a gram positive coccus like Streptococcus pyogenes
-
C. a bacterium without a cell wall like Mycoplasma pneumoniae
-
D. a mold like Epidermophyton
-
E. penicillinase producing Staphylococcus aureus
7. Deleting the G in the following gene sequence:
T A C G T T A C A
-
A. would result in a base substitution
-
B. would result in a frame shift
-
C. would make this a piece of mRNA
-
D. would not occur
-
E. both B and C
8. A chemical agent that can remove pathogens from table tops is
-
A. a disinfectant
-
B. sodium chloride
-
C. a fomite
-
D. an antiseptic
-
E. bacteriostatic
9. Ten Staphylococcus aureus cells fell from your nose into the macaroni
salad you were making for a picnic. Given a generation time of 15 minutes,
how many bacteria would you have after 2 hours?
-
A. 2560
-
B. 512
-
C. 10240
-
D. 18
-
E. 160
10. If you knew the sequence of nucleotides within a gene which of the
following could you predict MOST ACCURATELY?
-
A. the final shape of the protein
-
B. the amino acid sequence of the protein
-
C. the optimum pH for the activity of the protein
-
D. the number of substrate binding sites on the protein
-
E. the purpose or function of the protein
11. What is false about this diagram?
-
A. (4) represents an RNA polymerase
-
B. (1) represents the leading strand
-
C. (2) represents the lagging strand
-
D. (3) represents RNA primers
-
E. This diagram represents replication
12. Many simple eucaryotic genes can be transcribed and translated by procaryotes
like E. coli. However some eucaryotic genes cannot be expressed by procaryotes.
Which of the following might be a reason for this failure?
-
A. eucaryotic genes often have unique bases which are not found in procaryotes
-
B. procayotes are not able to cut out the introns nor are they able to
splice the exons together
-
C. the procayotic genetic code is sometimes different
-
D. not all eucaryotic mRNA uses tRNA
-
E. procaryotes don't have the correct analogs
13. Use the following information to answer the question below:
Codon on mRNA and the corresponding amino acid |
|
|
AUG - methionine |
UAA - nonsense |
UUA - leucine |
GCA - alanine |
AAG - lysine |
GUU - valine |
AAU - asparagine |
UGC - cysteine |
UCG, UCU - serine |
What is the sequence of amino acids coded for by the following DNA
sequence: 3' T A C A A T T T C A G C
-
A. methionine - leucine - lysine - serine
-
B. translation would stop after the first codon
-
C. lysine - serine - alanine - leucine
-
D. methionine - serine - valine - alanine
-
E. methionine - leucine - lysine - cysteine
14. Which of the following is a product of translation
-
A. a new strand of DNA
-
B. rRNA
-
C. tRNA
-
D. mRNA
-
E. none of these
15. DNA fingerprinting
-
A. is called Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
-
B. involves cutting the sample DNA with restriction endonucleases
-
C. involves a procedure known as electrophoresis
-
D. all of the above
-
E. A and C but not B
16. Electrophoresis
-
A. uses an electrical charge to separate molecules
-
B. is the process by which H ions are pumped across a membrane
-
C. this is one of the ways that ATP is made
-
D. a rather new procedure which uses electical energy to clean a wound
-
E. none of the above
17. Which of the following could be used to sterilize plastic petri dishes
in a plastic wrapper?
-
A. sunlight
-
B. autoclave
-
C. ionizing radiation
-
D. hot air oven
-
E. chlorine bleach solution
18. Which of the following will influence how long it takes to eliminate
bacteria from an object?
-
A. the initial number of bacteria present
-
B. the temperature
-
C. the pH
-
D. the presence of organic matter
-
E. all of the above
19. A nuclease
-
A. makes nucleic acids
-
B. an enzyme used to make the nuclear membrane
-
C. digests nucleic acids
-
D. unwinds DNA
-
E. none of the above
20. Which of the following statements is true about alleles
-
A. alleles are different varieties of a particular gene
-
B. a diploid individual who inherited one copy of a gene from each parent
could have at most 2 alleles of that gene
-
C. during replication, alleles are cut out by restriction enzymes and then
annealed by a ligase before translation.
-
D. all of the above are true about alleles
-
E. only A and B are true
21. What is a promotor?
-
A. It helps to control whether a structural gene will be transcribed
-
B. It is the place where a RNA polymerase will bind
-
C. It has alot of thymidine and adenine in it
-
D. All of the above
-
E. Only A and C
22. What is true about mutation?
-
A. It is an inheritable or permanent change in the base sequence
-
B. It can be a frameshift caused by a base insertion or deletion
-
C. It can lead to the early termination of translation of a protein
-
D. All of the above
-
E. Only A and B are true
23. What is true about the Lac Operon?
-
A. It controls the catabolism of all polysaccharides
-
B. It can be activated when cAMP concentrations are high
-
C. It can be activated when the catabolite activator protein binds to the
promotor
-
D. All of the above are true
-
E. Both B and C are true
24. The catabolic process in which pyruvic acid is converted into lactic
acid:
-
A. the Krebs cycle
-
B. glycolysis
-
C. occurs in oxygen starved human muscle cells during heavy exercise
-
D. is important for the production of yogurt and sour dough bread
-
E. both C and D
25. Making new copies of DNA from old copies of DNA is known as:
-
A. replication
-
B. transformation
-
C. transcription
-
D. translation
-
E. transduction
26. The code for the synthesis of enzymes is originally stored in:
-
A. protein
-
B. carbohydrates
-
C. deoxyribonucleic acid
-
D. lipids
-
E. none of the above
27. The catabolic process in which pyruvate is converted into NADH2, FADH2,
GTP and CO2
-
A. glycolysis
-
B. Krebs cycle
-
C. phosphorylation
-
D. fermentation
-
E. electron transport
28. An organism that uses carbohydrate for energy and carbon
-
A. would be a photoautotroph
-
B. would not be affected by heavy metals
-
C. would be a chemoheterotroph
-
D. would be a human being
-
E. both C and D
29. When one molecule of NADH2 passes through the electron transport chain,
how many molecules of ATP are produced?
-
A. 1
-
B. 6
-
C. 3
-
D. 2
-
E. 10
30. Which statement is false about this diagram?
-
A. W has more energy than Y
-
B. Y is the reduced form of W
-
C. X has more electrons than Z
-
D. X supplies the energy for the synthesis of Y
-
E. Z has less energy than X
31. What is false about this graph?
-
A. (1) = the lag phase where cell division is slow but is about to speed
up.
-
B. (2) = is called the logarithmic growth phase
-
C. (3) = the phase of logarithmic death
-
D. both A and C are false
-
E. both B and C are false
32. Which of the following procedures will not kill endospores?
-
A. Autoclave
-
B. Incineration
-
C. Hot air sterilization
-
D. Pasteurization
-
E. Formaldehyde
33. High salt and/or high sugar concentrations are used to preserve foods
like salt plum, salted fish and fruit jams and jellies. Salt and sugar
will preserve these foods because:
-
A. bacteria can't use them as energy sources
-
B. they increase free water and cause a hypotonic environment
-
C. they make the food too acid
-
D. they force water to leave the bacterial cell
-
E. they form a chemical complex with the bacteria to prevent bacterial
growth
34. Put the following into the correct sequence for protein synthesis:
1.) translation 2.) RNA polymerase transcribes the gene 3.) polypeptide
is released 4.) mRNA binds to the ribosome
-
A. 1,2,3,4
-
B. 1,3,2,4
-
C. 4,2,3,1
-
D. 2,4,1,3
-
E. 4,1,3,2
35. Oxygen is poisonous for:
-
A. halophiles
-
B. obligate aerobes
-
C. acidophiles
-
D. obligate anaerobes
-
E. facultative anaerobes
36. To sterilize an object means the destruction or removal of:
-
A. vegetative bacteria
-
B. pathogenic bacteria
-
C. AIDS virus
-
D. fungal spores
-
E. all of the above
37. A faculative anaerobe:
-
A. doesn't use oxygen, but tolerates it
-
B. is killed by oxygen
-
C. uses both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism
-
D. requires oxygen for growth
-
E. uses only fermentation pathways in the presence of oxygen
38. Differences in the procaryotic and eucaryotic ribosomes allow some
antibiotics to selectively inhibit the synthesis of bacterial:
-
A. lipids
-
B. enzymes
-
C. cell walls
-
D. polysaccharides
-
E. none of the above
39. Which group of organisms are most likely to grow in cold seawater?
-
A. psychrophiles
-
B. thermophiles
-
C. halophiles
-
D. both A and C
-
E. none of these
40. Nucleic acid hybridization is based on which property of DNA?
-
A. a chromosome is composed of DNA
-
B. single-stranded DNA strands can bind to each other only if there is
proper base pairing
-
C. the anti-parallel DNA strands are covalently bound to each other
-
D. DNA is composed of genes
-
E. none of these
41. When applied to wounded tissue, hydrogen peroxide:
-
A. gets broken down by the catalase found in the wound
-
B. releases oxygen bubbles which help to clean the wound
-
C. will kill any microbes which do not enzymes to protect themselves
-
D. all of the above
-
E. none of the above
42. Antibiotics like chloramphenicol, erythromycin and tetracycline inhibit
translation in procaryotes but not in eucaryotes. The most likely target
of these antibiotics would be the:
-
A. ribosomes
-
B. mitochondria
-
C. cell walls
-
D. DNA synthesis
-
E. none of the above
43. Which of these chemicals is the least effective antimicrobial agent?
-
A. Soap
-
B. Cationic detergents
-
C. Phenolics
-
D. Iodine
-
E. Alcohol
44. A liquid that has been "sterilized" by filtration may still contain:
-
A. psychrophilic bacteria
-
B. virus particles
-
C. a few fungal hyphae
-
D. gram-negative bacilli
-
E. bacterial endospores
45. Antibiotics that are rapidly excreted from the body in the urine are
probably:
-
A. useful for bladder infections
-
B. useful for skin infections
-
C. useful for encephalitis
-
D. useful for lung infections
-
E. too toxic for general use
46. Silver nitrate is used
-
A. as an antiseptic
-
B. as a cofactor in glycolysis
-
C. as an antibiotic
-
D. as a stain for bacterial cells
-
E. to prevent lysogeny
47. Many antiviral chemotherapeutic agents are similar to AZT in that they
-
A. destroy the cell wall
-
B. interfere with viral metabolism
-
C. are nucleotide analogs
-
D. inhibit protein synthesis within the virus
-
E. prevent the formation of viral spores
48. Which of the following statements is false about oxygen and bacterial
cells
-
A. some organisms may be killed by oxygen, these would be obligate anaerobes
-
B. some organisms absolutely require oxygen, these are called obligate
aerobes
-
C. organisms with catalase can make all the oxygen they need for aerobic
metabolism, this allows them to survive in anaerobic environments
-
D. oxygen is used as the terminal electron acceptor in most respiratory
organisms
-
E. facultative anaerobes can ferment if there is no oxygen around
49. Semi-conservative replication means that each new genome will have
-
A. one old mitochondrion and one new nucleus
-
B. the chromosome and plasmid replicated at different times
-
C. one newly synthesized strand and one original strand of DNA
-
D. one original stand of DNA and one newly synthesized strand of mRNA
-
E. elections that are controlled by lots of money and just a few ideals
50. Takes free-floating nucleotides and joins them together to make a strand
of DNA
-
A. swivelase
-
B. ligase
-
C. restriction nuclease
-
D. polymerase
-
E. gyrase
RETURN TO THE KCC MICROBIOLOGY HOME PAGE
RETURN TO MICROBIOLOGY 130 HOME PAGE
RETURN TO BEGINING OF THIS EXAM