370 - Ethnographic Field Techniques (Method)
Instructor: Heather Young Leslie

ARtist= Jane Hammond Green Rose Unfinished Anthropologists invented and championed the techniques and perspectives now considered ‘cutting edge’ in qualitative and combined research methodologies. From small villages to DNA labs, ethnography offers the tools for understanding how human worlds operate.


This course introduces students to key ethnographic methods including participant observation and long-term ethnographic field work. We will cover issues of ethics in field work, personal praxis, research preparation and process and particularly, in ongoing researcher-researched relationships. Interviewing skills, data coding, preliminary analysis, and report writing will be included. Students will work collaboratively and on solo projects. Some class time will be spent off campus at sites around O’ahu.

Students who complete this course will have a good understanding of what cultural anthropologists actually do, and what it means to work as an anthropologist.

Required Texts
(you may order these directly from the press, or find them on Amazon. They will also be in the UH bookstore):


Doing Cultural Anthropology. Michael V. Angrosino, Ed. Waveland Press          

Field Projects in Anthropology; A Student Handbook, 3rd Edition.  Julia G. Crane and Michael V. Angrosino Waveland Press

Atlas Ti (Download the Free Educational version at: http://www.atlasti.com/demo.shtml )



Highly Recommended Texts:                    

Decolonizing Methodologies, Linda Tuhiwai Smith. U of Otago Press & Zed Books (available in the USA from Palgrave)
Fieldwork and Families: Constructing New Models for Ethnographic Research. University of Hawaii Press. <>
The Invention of Culture. Roy Wagner. U of Chicago Press     

<>
Grades:  

Pop Quizes  (3, 10% each, based on book chapters)    30%

Human Subjects Proposal to The IRB    15%

Participant Observation Fieldnotes / Diary  10%

Independent Project    30%

Class Presentations (re: Independent Project)  APR--MAY  15%


Selected Bibliography of Readings Relevant to Anthropology & Anthropological Ethics:

These recommended sources are supplementary to the assigned class texts:

▸    After Writing Culture. (Allison James, Jenny Hockey, Andrew Dawson, Eds).
▸   Bridges to Humanity; Narratives on Fieldwork and Friendship.Waveland Press (Bruce T. Grindal & Frank A. Salamone).
▸   Ethnographic Fieldwork; An Anthropological Reader. Blackwell Press.(Antonius Robben & Jeffrey Sluka, Eds).
▸    Chronicling Cultures: Long-Term Field Research in Anthropology (Kemper & Royce)
▸    Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Societies. New York: Zed Books. (Linda Tuhiwai Smith)
▸    Doing Participatory Research: a feminist approach. (Patricia Maguire)
▸    Ethnography – Four-Volume Set (Alan Bryman, Ed.)
▸    Feminist Dilemmas in Fieldwork (Wolf)
▸    Feminist Fields; Ethnographic Insights (Bridgeman, Cole & Howard-Bobiwash)
▸   Fictions of Feminist Ethnography (Kamala Visweswaran)
▸    Fieldwork and Families. (Julianna Flinn et.al)
▸    Speaking of Ethnography. Vol. 2. Sage. (Michael H. Agar).
▸    Participant Observation. (Emerson)

Other Selected Sources, Arranged by Topic:

Post-Colonial and Indigenous Contributions to Research and Coming to Knowledge


Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, (Canada) pdf file

AHURI Ethical Principles and Guidelines for Indigenous Research (Australia).

Nishnaabe Ways of Coming to Knowledge: Gifts of the Seven Grandfathers (From The Mishomis Book: The Voice of the Ojibway, Edward Benton-Banai 1988)

 Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Societies. New York: Zed Books. (Linda Tuhiwai Smith 1999)

Gifts of the 7 Grandfathers

(1) To cherish knowledge is to know WISDOM

(2) To know LOVE is to know peace

(3) To honor all of the Creation is to have RESPECT

(4) BRAVERY is to face the foe with integrity

(5) HONESTY in facing a situation is to be brave

(6) HUMILITY is to know yourself as a sacred part of the Creation

(7) TRUTH is to know all of these things (1988, 64)




Ethnography as Moral Practice



“Anthropology is, actually, a sly and deceptive science....when it seems most insistently to be talking about the distant, the strange, the long ago, or the idiosyncratic, it is in fact also talking about the close, the familiar, the contemporary..."
(Clifford Geertz)



Eagleton, Terry, Towards a Common Culture. In The Idea of Culture. Pgs. 112-131.

Rosaldo, Renato, After Objectivism, In Culture and Truth. Pg.46-67.

Akhil Gupta and James Ferguson, Beyond “Culture”: Space, and the Politics of Difference. In Inda and Rosaldo (eds.) The Anthropology of Globalization. Pgs. 64-80.

Rabinow, Paul, Representations are Social Facts: Modernity and Post-Modernity in Anthropology. In Clifford and Marcus (eds.) Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Pgs. 235-261.

D’Andrade, Roy and Scheper-Hughes, Nancy. Objectivity and Militancy: A Debate. Current Anthropology 36(3):399-440.

Young Leslie, Heather & Mike Evans, Understanding Differences & Similarities. Ethnographic Essays in Cultural Anthropology. (2002) Itasca: Peacock Publishers













Ethics and Consent for Research:
Institutional Review Board Committee on Human Studies  Guidelines (U Hawai’i). Including the Belmont Report

Informed Consent in Anthropological Research: We Are Not  Exempt. Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban, Human Organization 53(1):1-10 (1994)

The Nuremberg Code (1947)

American Anthropological Association resources re: Ethical  Principles of Research.

ACUNS Ethical Principles for Conduct of Research in the North


AHURI Ethical Principles and Guidelines for Indigenous Research (Australia).

Selected Human Ethics Research (International Links)

Declaration of Geneva (replaces Hippocratic Oath)


Rape



Horror Stories:

Remembering the Tuskegee Syphilis Study

CIA Project MK-Ultra & Brainwashing Experiments at the Allen Memorial Institute in Montreal




Ethnography in Applied Contexts:

 Practicing Anthropologists: " 'Practicing anthropologists' are professionally trained anthropologists regularly employed or retained by clients, such as social service organizations, non-profit organizations, government agencies, business and industrial firms, and public educators, and who apply their specialized knowledge to problem solving"

Federal Programs:  Ethnographic Studies Can Inform Agencies' Actions. GAO-03-455, March 2003.   [Interesting report from the US General Accounting Office on the usefulness of ethnographic methods]   

Busness, marketing and design:  Conifer Research  Conifer Research trains companies to use ethnographic research to get business results.  Ethnographic Insight's slogan is "Consumer anthropology + Marketing Research.  Sonic Rim drives innovation by helping clients understand people, cultures and trends. They combine anthropology, design, market research and psychology to conduct "fuzzy edge" research and give businesses a competative edge. Check out their very cool reading list!

Check these out:
 How an Anthropologist Created GoGurt

Anthropology and Public Health: Caring for Those in Crisis: Integrating Anthropology and Public Health in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies (Holly Ann Williams)

Ethnography & Advertising: How Black Label beer company used anthropologists to find their market niche & create a new style of campaign.
From "The Symbolism of Popular Taoist Magic (1973)" to Hakuhodo Inc., Japan's 2nd largest advertising agency (1993): John McCreery, the Anthropologist who became an "Ad Man".

"Weak States, Uncivil Societies and Thousands of NGOs Western Democracy Export as Benevolent Colonialism in the Balkans"  by  Steven Sampson (2002). A paper offering a description of ethnographic evaluation & anthropological analysis of NGO Projects in the Balkans (a must read for development-afficionados).